A specific issue, difficulty, contradiction, or gap in knowledge that you will aim to address in your research refers to:

• Problem

• Purpose

• Question

• Hypothesis

A researcher has designed an XYZ intervention to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy for cancer patients. He mentions that this study will test the efficacy of XYZ intervention in reducing the side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients. This statement refers to:

• Research Problem

• Research Objective

• Research Question

• Research Hypothesis

Identifying if gender has an effect on percentage of body fat of male and female with hypertension in a population. Gender in this case is an example of which type of variable?

• Independent

• Dependent

• Extraneous

• Demographic

Teeth brushing practices has an effect on reducing the risk of cavities among children. Risk of cavities is an example of which type of variable?

• Independent

• Dependent

• Extraneous

• Demographic

The participants who have healthy breakfast before assessment will achieve a higher score than those participants who do not. This is an example of which of the following types of hypothesis?

• Null

• Non-directional

• Directional

• Complex

Drinking caffeine and stress level will alter the sleeping patterns of adults. This is an example of which types of hypothesis?

• Null

• Simple

• Complex

• Directional

There is no mean difference between vitamin D levels of individuals living in southern and northern regions of Pakistan. The statement refers to which type of hypothesis?

• Alternative

• Directional

• Complex

• Null

There is a significant association between gender, martial status and self-esteem of individuals in Country Y. The stated hypothesis is:

• Non-directional and simple hypothesis

• Directional and simple hypothesis

• Non-directional and complex hypothesis

• Directional and simple hypothesis

A researcher is planning to conduct research on years of experience and job performance among nurses in a tertiary care hospital. With the help of literature, she identified that personality type could also affect the relationship between two variables. Personality type in this case is an example of which type of variable?

• Independent

• Dependent

• Extraneous

• Demographic

A researcher is planning to conduct research on the association between social support and Anxiety & Depressive Symptoms. He learnt from literature that financial condition of and individual can significantly affect the association. Monthly income of a person in this case is an example of which type variable?

• Independent

• Dependent

• Extraneous

• Demographic