Topic 1.1: Cell Biology

Which sequence has the cells arranged according to their ability to differentiate, starting from the least able?

• bone marrow, neuron, embryonic, umbilical

• neuron, bone marrow, umbilical, embryonic

• umbilical, embryonic, bone marrow, neuron

• embryonic, umbilical, bone marrow, neuron

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The images show a sequence of changes in an organism. What is the change and which process is necessary for it to occur?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different cell types in a body?

• Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type.

• Cells lose some genes as development occurs.

• Genes do not determine the structure of a cell.

• Cells must practice division of labour in order to survive.

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What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical cell structure?

• They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit.

• They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose.

• They have plasmids.

• They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.

The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory. What feature is this?

• It lacks a nucleus.

• It lacks a cell wall.

• It has only one mitochondrion.

• It lacks subdivision into separate cells.

Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to the cell theory?

• They are found in multicellular organisms.

• They contain more than one nucleus.

• They are specialized for movement.

• They do not carry out mitosis.

Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt’s disease?

• They can differentiate into retinal cells.

• They are readily available from especially created embryos.

• They transport white blood cells to the eyes.

• They divide by binary fission so provide sufficient cells.

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Which functions of life are carried out by all unicellular organisms?

• Response, homeostasis, growth and photosynthesis

• Metabolism, ventilation, reproduction and nutrition

• Response, homeostasis, metabolism and growth

• Reproduction, ventilation, response and nutrition

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Why do multicellular organisms have emergent properties?

• They have more genes than unicellular organisms.

• Properties of unicellular organisms are enhanced by having many cells.

• All of their genes are expressed whereas unicellular organisms express only some.

• They show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells.

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