An SNP profile is

• the single-base difference in one gene between one individual and another individual.

• the single-base pair differences in 2 or more genes.

• the mutation in a gene that causes certain diseases.

• the haplotype pair an individual possesses.

• the sequence of DNA that allows for primer extension.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The field of research that concerns itself with learning the individual patient's genetic profile in order to determine the best course of drug treatment is specifically termed

• pharmacogenetics.

• precision medicine

• haplotypes.

• ALL.

• thiopurine methyltransferase.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following is not a reason that makes personalized or precision medicine more of a realistic treatment option today?

• Computer processing times are getting faster and large networks allows for doctors to share research data.

• Costs of implementation is getting lower.

• The human genome is getting less complicated and therefore, very easy to sequence which only takes a few hours now.

• DNA sequence technology has drastically improved.

• Computer software is getting better at analyzing massive amounts of DNA data.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

Response to azathioprine, a chemotherapy drug used to treat ALL (a form of leukemia), depends on

• which stage of ALL that patient is in.

• if the patient has a specific SNP at an oncogene.

• how early TPMT treatment is started.

• the dose of TPMT given in conjunction with azathioprine.

• a patient's level of TPMT activity.

Personalized medicine for a specific patient factors in all of the following except

• age.

• computer used in analysis.

• genetics.

• diet.

• environmental factors.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Cancer of the white blood cells is referred to as

• melanoma.

• osteosarcoma.

• actinic keratosis.

• acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A haplotype is

• a single-base substitution in a region of DNA that is different from another genetic profile.

• a person's reaction to a drug.

• a combination of single-base substitutions in a region of DNA that is different from another genetic profile..

• a pair of chromosomes that we inherit from both of our parents.

Thiopurine methyltransferase or TPMT

• is an enzyme produced by the body that breaks down azathioprine, preventing toxic levels to build up.

• is a chemotherapy drug that attacks cancer cells.

• is a drug that stops DNA replication in all cells.

• is a type of drug that relieves symptoms of asthma only in people with certain SNP profiles.

Refer to the DNA sequences below:

DNA sample from patient:

From chromosome region (from mother)

GGATTACAAT

CCTAATGTTA

From chromosome region (from father)

GGATGACATT

CCTACTGTAA

The pair of DNA sequences above (both from the same patient) found on homologous chromosomes would be referred to as

• an SNP.

• a SNP profile.

• a haplotype.

• a genome.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How are scientists able to tell the difference between two different SNPs using PCR and gel electrophoresis?

• A primer that matches one of the SNPs perfectly will continue to extend the sequence which will be longer and appear as a larger fragment on a gel.

• Both DNA samples with the different SNPs will be copied but one of the SNPs will only be copied half as much and will appear lower on a gel.

• Both DNA samples with the different SNPs will be copied but one of the SNPs will be copied doubled the amount as the other SNP sample and appear darker on a gel.

• A primer will cut and destroy one of DNA samples with a particular SNP and will not show up on a gel at all.