Spring ACP Review #2

During the nineteenth century, several European powers pursued a policy of imperialism in Africa and Asia. What was one important effect of European imperialism in Africa?

• African natural resources were exploited by colonial powers.

• Working conditions for the majority of people of Africa improved.

• The African economy became dependent on the export of manufactured goods.

• Europeans recognized the superiority of African culture.

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1E

Which factor created favorable conditions for the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain?

• A low rural population in central England

• The presence of large oil reserves in the North Sea

• Large deposits of iron and coal in England

• An abundance of grain and livestock in southern Scotland

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1E

A key principle of the system of free enterprise is the —

• production of war materials by governments

• organization of workers into unions

• government ownership of most property

• private ownership of businesses

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17A

These documents are similar in that each established a system in which —

• an individual was granted freedom from taxation

• rulers were responsible to the people they governed

• the lawmaking process was controlled by religious leaders

• the power of the leader of government came directly from God

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19B

The writings of Baron Charles de Montesquieu exercised great influence on the framers of the U.S. Constitution. Which idea of Montesquieu’s was most influential?

• The powers of government must be placed in separate branches to serve as a

  check against tyranny.

• A government should express the general will of the people it governs.

• Citizens have a right and duty to challenge the actions of a tyrannical king.

• A government must work to protect its citizens’ natural rights, including their right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

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19C

Which individual successfully fought to end the slave trade?

• John Locke

• Napoleon Bonaparte

• William Wilberforce

• Woodrow Wilson

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20C

• American Revolution (1775–1783)

• French Revolution (1789–1799)

• Greek Independence Movement (1822–1830)

• Independence Movements of Latin America (1810–1825)

• Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, and Poland

• Revolutions of 1848 in France, Italy, Germany, and Hungary

Which common ideal was shared by all of these revolutions?

• nationalism

• popular sovereignty

• industrialization

• separation of powers

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9D

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal...” — The Declaration of Independence (1776)

“No State shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” — Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, Section 1

“All [people] are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law.” — Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 7, (1948)

Which of the following exercised the most influence on the central idea of these

documents?

• the Judeo-Christian legal tradition

• the sayings of Mohammed in the Quran

• the absolutist doctrine of the “divine right of kings”

• the communist theory of class struggle

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21B

On August 15, 1805, the young Simón Bolívar swore this oath in Rome before two friends: “I swear before you; I swear on the God of my parents; I swear on them; I swear on my honor and I swear on my country that I shall not give rest to my body or soul until I have broken the chains with which Spanish power oppresses us.”

In this oath, the South American leader Simón Bolívar most clearly resembles the —

• North American colonists challenging British rule

• French bourgeoisie challenging hereditary privilege

• Russian people resisting Napoleon’s invasion

• British merchants opposing the slave trade

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9C

• New factory machines increased textile manufacturing.

• Steamboats made upstream travel possible.

These developments contributed most directly to the —

• Renaissance

• Reformation

• Columbian Exchange

• Industrial Revolution

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27A