L8 - Fullerenes

Electrons that are not attached to a particular atom.

E.g. in a metal, outer electrons can be free to move through the solid.

• Loose

• Independent

• Delocalised

• Disconnected

When atoms share electrons so that they both get a full outer shell.

• Covalent bond

• Ionic bond

• Compound

• Pairing

Weak attractive forces between molecules. When a simple covalent substance melts or boils, it is these forces that are broken (not the covalent bonds in each molecule).

• Covalent forces

• Electronic forces

• Intermolecular forces

• Intermolecular bonds

When electrons are lost by one atom and gained by another, so that they both get full outer shells.

• Covalent bond

• Ionic bond

• Pairing

• Compound

Substances which are made up of small covalent molecules, which are held together by weak intermolecular forces (e.g. water).

• Simple molecular

• Giant ionic

• Ionic lattice

• Giant covalent

Substances where all atoms are linked together in a regular structure, with strong covalent bonds between them (e.g. diamond).

• Simple molecular

• Giant ionic

• Ionic lattice

• Giant covalent

Different structures of the same element.

• Alternatives

• Allotropes

• Isotopes

• Synonyms

Long cylindrical molecules made from carbon atoms joined together by covalent bonds.

• Ionic lattices

• Tinytubes

• Nanotubes

• Nanostraws

A molecule made up of 60 covalently bonded carbon atoms arranged to form a hollow sphere.

• Nanosphere

• Carbon sphere

• Carbon ball

• Bucky ball

Molecules of carbon with hollow shapes. Their structures are based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms.

• Nanocarbon

• Fullerenes

• Carbon spheres

• Carbon nanostructures