Middle Ages Unit Review

Served as the unifying force for western Europe.

• Roman Catholic Church

• Eastern Orthodox Church

• Islam

• Buddhism

Christian communities consisting of monks who helped to preserve Greco-Roman culture by writing illuminated texts.

• Libraries

• House of Wisdom

• Universities

• Monasteries

Crowned the Holy Roman Emperor, this Frank built churches, roads, and schools and valued education.

• Henry

• Philip

• Charlemagne

• Pepin

System in which land is granted in return for loyalty:

• Mandate of Heaven

• Oracle Bones

• Theocracy

• Feudalism

The name for the lowest peasants who owed a feudal obligation to the Lord.

• Serfs

• Helots

• Patricians

• Knights

Which statement best describes the results of the Crusades?

•  Europeans maintained lasting control over much of the Middle East
•    Islamic influence completely dominated Europe
•      Europeans developed tolerance of Non-Christian religious 
•    Trade between Europe and the Middle East increased

What were the European motives for fighting the crusades?

•    Desire to be released from feudal obligations
•    Defense of the holy land
•  Forgiveness of sins
• All of the above

Europe became a feudal society because...

• the rarity of cash required land to be used as a payment for services.
• Europeans needed to defend themselves against constant raids and invasions.
• overpopulation required that a more efficient agricultural system be developed.
• skilled craftspeople had emerged as farming techniques improved.

Why was the Magna Carta important?

•    It approved money for war in France
•    It asserted that the monarch must obey the constitution and laws
•    It allowed the monarch to abolish Parliament
•      It increased the power of the Pope 

Which group was the second lowest in the social hierarchy?

• Knights

• Serfs/Peasants

• Kings/Queens

• Lords/Ladies