Test: Biotechnology

What determines the function of a specialized cell?

•  the type of RNA in the cell

• the number of ribosomes in the cell

• the number of chromosomes in the cell

• the active genes in the cell

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Which would be a desirable trait scientists may want to create in a transgenic plant?

• the ability to resist insects

• the ability to grow less fruit

• the ability to change color in the winter

• the ability to use a lot of water

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The diagram shows a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

•  As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• Mutations in the cells’ nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

•  During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the non-active DNA, leading to cell specialization.-

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What is the function of a restriction enzyme?

• to control the movement of proteins into a cell

• to regulate blood sugar levels

• to produce hormones that regulate digestion

• to cut DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence

Which is a use of genetically engineered bacteria?

• identifying the remains of an unknown person

• developing a DNA fingerprint for blood left at a crime scene

• making human insulin for diabetics

• producing corn that is resistant to herbicides 

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Which of these cells in the human body is specialized to transport oxygen throughout the body?

• A

• B

• C

• D

What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg?

• differentiation

• natural selection

• selective breeding

• genetic engineering

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Which technique would most likely be used by forensic scientists?

• gene cloning

• gene therapy

• DNA fingerprinting

• karyotyping

Which is one reason scientists produce transgenic organisms?

• to create new species of organisms

• to control microorganisms in the soil

• to prevent habitats from being destroyed

• to produce more nutritious and drought resistant crops

Which is a step in the process of producing transgenic bacteria?

• A plasmid is used to replace a faulty gene in a human cell.

• A chain of bacterial amino acids is inserted into human DNA.

• A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid.

• A mutation is produced in a bacterial cell.