The Philosopher's Stone!

His advocacy is for the importance of strong family bonds, including respect for the elder, veneration of one’s ancestors, and marital loyalty.

• Aristotle

• Confucius

• Aquinas

• Lao-Tzu

Answer explanation

Confucius is a Chinese teacher, writer, and philosopher who viewed himself as a channel for the theological ideas and values of the imperial dynasties that came before him.

He viewed ambition, competition and war as inevitable parts of human nature, even seeming to embrace all of these tendencies.

• John Locke

• Søren Kierkegaard

• Immanuel Kant

• Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer explanation

Niccolo di Bernardo dei Machiavelli is at once among the most influential and widely debated of history’s thinkers.

He suggested that Man was at his best in a primitive state.

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Jean-Paul Sartre

• Ludwig Wittgenstein

• John Locke

Answer explanation

Rousseau was a writer, philosopher, and — unique among entrants on this list — a composer of operas and classical compositions.

He is recognized as the father of analytical geometry.

• Immanuel Kant

• Albert Einstein

• René Descartes

• Isaac Newton

Answer explanation

Rene Descartes is a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist, and was born in France but spent 20 years of his life in the Dutch Republic.

He explored the idea of objective vs. subjective truths, and argued that theological assertions were inherently subjective and arbitrary.

• John Locke

• Søren Kierkegaard

• Niccolo Machiavelli

• Karl Marx

Answer explanation

Soren Kierkegaard is a Danish theologian, social critic, and philosopher, is viewed by many as the most important existentialist philosopher.

He established the method of introspection, focusing on one’s own emotions and behaviors in search of a better understanding of the self.

• John Locke

• Niccolo Machiavelli

• Confucius

• Karl Marx

Answer explanation

An English physicist and philosopher, John Locke was a prominent thinker during the Enlightenment period.

He argued that societies develop through class struggle, and that this would ultimately lead to the dismantling of capitalism.

• Lao Tzu

• John Locke

• John Stuart Mill

• Karl Marx

Answer explanation

A German-born economist, political theorist, and philosopher, Karl Marx wrote some of the most revolutionary philosophical content ever produced.

He stated the need for a system of “constitutional checks” on state authority as a way of protecting political liberties.

• Ralph Waldo Emerson

• John Stuart Mill

• René Descartes

• Aristotle

Answer explanation

British economist, public servant, and philosopher John Stuart Mill is considered a linchpin of modern social and political theory.

What is the oldest Philippine City?

• Manila City

• Cebu City

• Davao City

• Pasig City

What is considered the earliest form of writing in the Philippines?

• Tagbanwa Writing

• Alibata

• Cuneiform

• Baybayin