Comp Sci 3 FSA Prep Day 2

Calvin’s science teacher called on him in class. The teacher asked him to explain the process of photosynthesis. Which of the following statements should Calvin use to correctly explain the process?

• A.       Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to convert light energy into chemical energy.

• B.       Photosynthesis is the process used by cold blooded organisms to convert light energy into heat energy.

• C.        Photosynthesis is the process that takes place in the cells of organisms converting heat into chemical energy.

• D.       Photosynthesis is the process that takes place in the cells of organisms converting chemical energy into light energy

Answer explanation

Answer A. is CORRECT.

 Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to convert light energy into food.

B. Photosynthesis is the process used by cold blooded organisms to convert light energy into food.  EXP: Cold blooded organisms are reptiles and they cannot make their own food  

C. Photosynthesis is the process that takes place in the cells of organisms converting heat into food.  EXP: Photosynthesis means to synthesize (building compounds) using light

D.  Photosynthesis is the process that takes place in the cells of organisms converting  chemical energy into food.  * EXP: Photosynthesis does not take place in all organisms (animals)

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SC.6. P.13.1

Paul is attempting to push a large box of new tennis balls across the floor. In the illustration (picture), the arrow on the box represents the force that Paul exerts.  If the box is not moving, which of the following must be true?

• A. The box is exerting a larger force on Paul than he is exerting on the box.

• B. There is another force acting on the box that balances Paul’s force.

• C. Paul is applying a force that acts at a distance.

• D. There is no force of friction acting on the box.

Answer explanation

Types of Forces:

Frictional Force: Gravitational Force

Tension Force: Electrical Force

Normal Force: Magnetic Force

Contact Forces: Action-at-a-Distance Forces

A. The box is exerting a larger force on Paul than he is exerting on the box.

Why Answer B. is correct. There is another force acting on the box that balances Paul’s force. 

EXP: Friction is a force that opposes motion (friction is a force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it

C. Paul is applying a force that acts at a distance.

EXP. - Paul is in contact with the box – touching

D. There is no force of friction acting on the box that Paul is pushing.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

In 1815 a volcano erupted spewing billions of tons of ash into the sky. This ash “cloud” caused global annual temperatures to drop below normal, causing “a year without a summer” in 1816. Which sphere did this ash “cloud” affect to cause these changes?

 

 

•  A. hydrosphere: because the water in the ash absorbed the suns radiation

•  B. hydrosphere: because the ice in the ash caused the sun’s radiation to reflect off

• C. atmosphere: because the ash allowed more radiation than normal to reach the surface

• D. atmosphere: because the ash blocked more radiation than normal, not allowing it to reach the surface

Answer explanation

A. hydrosphere: because the water in the ash absorbed the suns radiation

EXP: nothing about this passage talks about water

 B. hydrosphere: because the ice in the ash caused the sun’s radiation to reflect off

 EXP: same reason as answer for A.

 C. atmosphere: because the ash allowed more radiation than normal to reach the surface

 EXP: The sky is a part of the atmosphere yet radiation comes from the sun. If the ash cloud caused temperatures to change a drop is below (without summer)

Why Answer D. si CORRECT - atmosphere: because the ash blocked more radiation than normal, not allowing it to reach the surface 

EXP: the sky is a part of the atmosphere and blocked some of the radiation (sun rays – radiation comes from the sun’s heat)  therefore resulting in no summers

Standard: SC.6. E.7.4

What spheres are interacting if a lengthy and severe drought affects Florida?

• A. Cryosphere is eliminated, which affects the biosphere.

• B. Cryosphere is eliminated, which affects the geosphere.

• C. Hydrosphere is eliminated, which affects the biosphere.

• D. Hydrosphere is eliminated, which affects the geosphere.

Answer explanation

Why Answer C is CORRECT -

 C. Hydrosphere is eliminated, which affects the biosphere.

 EXP - Drought, means the lack of water, the hydrosphere is eliminated which affects living things such as plants and animals in the biosphere

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

When Daniel was studying for his Earth Science class, he asked his friend Cesar to quiz him about the rock cycle.  Cesar presented Daniel with a scenario.  Imagine that a large area of sedimentary rock gets moved deeper into Earth’s crust through tectonic plate movement.  There, rising temperatures and high pressure change the rock.  Eventually the rock melts from the high temperatures and pressure.  After some time in those conditions, there is a time of cooling.  Cesar asked Daniel to predict what kind of rock there will be at the end of all these steps.  What should Daniel predict?

• A.  Magma

• B.  Igneous rock

• C.  Sedimentary rock

• D.  Metamorphic rock

Answer explanation

A.  Magma  EXP: molten rock

Why Answer B. is CORRECT- B. Igneous rock  EXP: formed by solidification cooled magma

C.  Sedimentary rock   EXP-  Formed from broken down bits of other rocks or even from the remains of plants or animals, through deposition and solidification of sediment near lakes, deserts and oceans

D.  Metamorphic rock  EXP: metamorphic rock is always changing with high temperature and pressure

Standard: SC.7. E.6.2

After a mountain has formed through the collision of tectonic plates, rock that was buried deep in Earth is suddenly exposed to surface events.  What statement predicts what will happen to these newly exposed rocks?

• A.  The newly exposed rocks will be broken down by weathering from wind, water, and temperature changes.

• B.  The newly exposed rocks will melt and turn to magma, which will eventually cool to become igneous rock.

• C.  The newly exposed rocks will become metamorphic rocks when exposed to high pressure and a dramatic increase in temperature.

• D.  The newly exposed rocks will become sedimentary rocks as they are centered together by wind, water, and temperature changes

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

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Mike is drawing a model of an atom.  He will draw the electron cloud first, and then he will draw the nucleus.  Where will he draw the nucleus of the atom?

• A.   On the outer edge of the electron cloud

• B.   Among the electrons in the electron cloud

•       C. Between the center of the atom and the electron cloud

•         D.  In the center of the atom, surrounded by the electron cloud.

Answer explanation

A.  On the outer edge of the electron cloud EXP - there is no outer edge of an electron cloud

B.   Among the electrons in the electron cloud EXP: only the electrons are on the “Electron cloud”

       C.   Between the center of the atom and the electron cloud EXP: Incorrect because an Atom contains the nucleus and electron cloud

       Why Answer D. is CORRECT - D.  In the center of the atom, surrounded by the electron cloud. EXP: the nucleuss is located in the center of the atom. It contains the protons and neutrons.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Standard: SC.8. P.9.2

George painted a picture on a canvas, and he mixed some colors together because he wanted to make a particular shade of blue. Mixing paint is an example of what kind of process?

• A.  Chemical change

• B.  Physical change

• C.  Forming a compound

• D.  Dissolving one substance into another

Answer explanation

a.  Chemical change EXP - forms a new substance mixing paint does not create a new substance

b.  Physical change  EXP - mixing paint is a physical change no new substance was formed

c.  Forming a compound EXP - a compound creates a new substance by chemically combining two or more elements

d.  Dissolving one substance into another

Standard: SC.7. P.11.4

A metal block (A) with a temperature of 25°C is placed on top of another identical metal block (B) with a temperature of 38°C. Which of the following is most likely to occur as soon as you place block A on top of block B?

• A. Thermal energy will be transferred from block A to block B

• B. Both blocks will remain at the same initial temperature

• C. The temperature of block B will increase

• D. Thermal energy will be transferred from block B to block A.

Answer explanation

A. Thermal energy will be transferred from block A to block B. EXP - heat transfer and block B is warmer than Block A

B. Both blocks will remain at the same initial temperature  EXP - heat transfers

C. The temperature of block B will increase

D. Thermal energy will be transferred from block B to block A.  EXP - heat transfers in 3 different ways – radiation, conduction and convection  

1. Radiation is heat that comes from the sun, radiators

2. Conduction two objects touch and heat transfers

3. Convection – when hot air rises and cold air sinks

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Before Timothy’s soccer game he ate a big lunch. Which of the following energy transformations occur as he played his soccer game?

• A. Sound energy into kinetic energy

•  B. Chemical energy into kinetic energy

• C. Chemical energy into nuclear energy

• D. Kinetic energy into nuclear energy

Answer explanation

A. Sound energy into kinetic energy

EXP- sound energy is mechanical energy that moves through a substance solids, liquid and gas.

Chemical energy and kinetic energy is energy in motion.

 

B. Chemical energy into kinetic energy

               

 C. Kinetic energy into nuclear energy  EXP- nuclear energy comes from splitting atoms

 D. Chemical energy into nuclear energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5