An "end-of-pipe" strategy for clean manufacturing is an example of which of the following?

• Incremental

• Radical

• Both of them

The design of the European Union (EU) energy label for washing machines which is used in all 27 EU member states.

What are benefits of the design of the EU energy label for consumers?

I.   It overcomes potential language barriers in the EU marketplace.

II.  It allows easy comparison with competitor products.

III. It identifies disposal options at the end-of-life.

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

Which objectives for the design of green products are addressed by replacing the use of chlorofluerocarbon (CFC) refrigerant with an alternative refrigerant?

I. Increasing efficiency in the use of materials, energy and other resources

II. Minimizing damage or pollution from the chosen materials

III. Taking full account of the effects of the end-disposal of the product

• I and II

•   I and III

• II and III

• I, II and III

Achieving international consensus for reducing pollution is difficult due to

• an increase in clean technology

• changing pollution targets each year

• increase in the control of technology

• not all countries agree to the targets

What limits the increased use of clean technology?

• Lack of legislation

• Lack of incentives

• Spread of global manufacturing

• Complexity of clean technology

Which is not true of an end-of-pipe solution to cleaning up a manufacturing process?

• It is an incremental approach to clean technology

• It increases the complexity of a manufacturing process

• It identifies where waste and emissions come from in a manufacturing process

• It is consistent with sustainable development

What is an objective of green design?

• Longer product life cycle

• Shorter product life cycle

• Longer design cycle

• Shorter design cycle

What is least likely to be the impetus for green design?

• Consumer pressure

• Profitability

• Standards

• Health and safety