BIO STAAR REVIEW - TOP 4 MISSED CLUSTER TEKS

TOPIC - MECHANISMS OF GENETICS

Take 1-2 minutes to write everything you can recall about DNA.

What is DNA's monomer/polymer? How is information stored in DNA? What is transcription/translation? How and why is DNA important to all living things? What is Mendelian Genetics?

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(STAAR B6.A) Nitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?

• The number of adenines and cytosines determine the type of RNA that will be produced

• The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized

• The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determine the length of the genes

• The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain

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(STAAR B6.B) In the early 1980's scientist were able to produce two biomolecules by splicing a human gene into the bacterium E. coli to make recombinant human insulin and growth hormone. Which statement best explains why this experiment was successful?

• Human cells are eukaryotic, and E. coli cells are prokaryotic

• All living organisms share the same genome

• The genes for all organisms are composed of the same building blocks

• The human body contains many types of bacteria, including E. coli

(STAAR B6.C) A sequence of a DNA strand is given: 3' TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5'

Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

• Arginine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

• Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Phenylalanine

• Serine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

• Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Serine

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(STAAR B6.D) In the 1917 the biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan conducted studies in which he kept some caterpillars in the dark and placed some others under red, green, or blue lights. Exposure to red light produced butterflies with brightly colored wings. Exposure to green light resulted in dark-colored wings. Exposure to blue light or no light resulted in pale-colored wings. What was the most likely conclusion of Morgan's research?

• The pigment in butterfly wings absorbs light from the environment

• The phenotypic expression of wing shape depends on color pigmentation in butterflies

• The genes regulating wing color in butterflies are influenced by environmental factors

• Caterpillars exposed to red and green light are healthier than caterpillars exposed to no light or blue light

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(STAAR B6.E) The table shows a DNA sequence and three types of mutations that can change the DNA sequence. Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

• Mutations 1 and 3 only

• Mutation 1 only

• Mutation 2 only

• Mutations 1, 2, and 3

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(STAAR B6.F) Chickens can have different types of feathers. Frizzled feathers curl toward a chicken's head. Assume that feather type is determined by a single gene and that the allele for frizzled feathers is dominant over the allele for straight feathers. In a cross between two chickens with straight feathers, what percentage of the offspring can be expected to have frizzled feathers?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 100%

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(STAAR B6.G) During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material --

• Increase the genetic variation

• reduces the diploid number to the haploid number

• Increases the haploid number to the diploid number

• reduces the probability of mutations

TOPIC: EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

Take 1-2 minutes to write everything you recall about evolutionary theory.

How is evidence of common ancestry provided by fossils, biogeography, and homologies? What is natural selection? Does natural selection change the population or the individual? What is survival of the fittest? What is the relationship between natural selection and adaptations?

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(STAAR B7.A) The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates. Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones?

• The primates lived in similar environments

• The primates shared a common ancestor

• The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population

• The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods

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