Fluid and Electrolytes

The nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients is at highest risk for fluid volume excess?

• A client who refuses to drink water

• A client who has received six liters of intravenous (IV) fluid

• A client who has been vomiting for 2 days.

• A client who currently has diarrhea

A client with dehydration has been prescribed 500 mL of 0.9% normal saline to run over 3 hrs using a microdrip set with a drip factor of 60 gtt/mL. Calculate the drip rate for the solution. Record your answer as a whole number. Enter the numeral only.

The nurse is reviewing lab values for a group of clients. Which lab value would be of most concern to the nurse?

• Magnesium 1.6 mEq/L

• Sodium 120 mEq/L

• Potassium 4.0 mEq/L

• Calcium 10mg/dL

The nurse is performing a test on a client with suspected hypocalcemia. Which test is shown in the graphic?

• Trousseau’s sign

• Allen test

• Homan’s sign

• Chvostek sign

The nurse is teaching a client with hypernatremia about food options low in sodium. Which food choices indicate an understanding of the teaching? Select all that apply.

• 1 small fresh orange

• 3 ounces of canned corn

• 2 ounces of fresh carrots

• 1 regular corn dog

• 2 slices of American cheese

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with kidney failure waiting to receive dialysis. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect to see?

• Hypocalcemia

• Hyperkalemia

• Hyponatremia

• Hypomagnesemia

The nurse reviews the following results for an arterial blood gas (ABG). How does the nurse interpret these results? pH 7.52, PCO₂ 31, HCO₃ 26, PaO₂ 88%

• Metabolic acidosis

• Respiratory acidosis

• Metabolic alkalosis

• Respiratory alkalosis

The nurse is caring for a patient with arterial blood gas results of: pH 7.12, PCO₂ 42, HCO₃ 11, and Pa O₂ 84%. The patient has a blood glucose level of 950. How should the nurse interpret these results?

• Respiratory acidosis

• Metabolic acidosis

• Respiratory alkalosis

• Metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for developing metabolic alkalosis?

• A patient with COPD

• A patient with diabetes

• A patient with severe anxiety

• A patient with prolonged vomiting

The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for hypovolemia?

• A patient with congestive heart failure

• A patient with end-stage kidney failure

• A patient who received 6 liters of IV fluid

• A patient who lost 2 liters of blood during surgery