Enlightenment thinkers contributed to the development of democratic government through their belief that —

• most changes in government are dangerous

• absolute monarchy is the most effective form of government

• governments are instituted to protect citizens’ rights

The writings of Baron Charles de Montesquieu exercised great influence on the framers of the U.S. Constitution. Which idea of Montesquieu’s was most influential?

• The powers of government must be placed in separate branches to serve as a check against tyranny.

• A government should express the general will of the people it governs.

• Citizens have a right and duty to challenge the actions of a tyrannical king.

Which element in the development of the democratic-republican system of government is correctly paired with its description?

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Absolute Monarchs believed they had the power to rule given to them by—

• Subjects

• Divine Right

• Advisors

The American Revolution and the French Revolution both supported —

• the appointment of a dictatorship to restore order

• an expanded state religion

• increased citizen participation in government

What was one way that Enlightenment ideas influenced leaders during the French Revolution?

• Revolutionary leaders strengthened the authority of the Catholic Church.

• Most French aristocrats willingly agreed to share their wealth with the lower classes.

• Revolutionary leaders demanded equality under the law for all social classes.

Which of the following identifies one way in which Enlightenment ideas influenced the American Revolution?

• American revolutionaries believed people had a right to change an unjust government.

• American revolutionaries supported a strong Presidency to maintain social order and peace.

• American revolutionaries favored church control of public education.

How did the American and French Revolutions differ?

• Americans cut their ties to a distant monarch; the French overthrew their monarch at home.

• The American Revolution led to violence and warfare; the French Revolution was peaceful and orderly.

• The American Revolution established a democratic form of government; the French Revolution never attempted to establish a democracy.

Which sentence expresses an idea from the American and French Revolutions that had an immediate impact on Latin America?

• A balance of power must be maintained in Latin America

• People should be entitled to a government that protects their freedoms

• The enslavement of African peoples must be put to an end

Based on the excerpt, with which statement would Gentz most likely agree?

• Neither the American nor the French revolutionaries were justified.

• The French Revolution was violent, but the American Revolution was peaceful.

• The American revolutionaries wanted to preserve their existing rights, while the French revolutionaries demanded new rights.