Judicial Branch

How are federal judges selected?

• The person is named to the bench by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
• The person is named to the bench by the President and does not need to be confirmed.
• The person is publicly elected to the bench and confirmed by the Senate.
• The person is nominated by the Senate and chosen by the President.

What is the role of an appellate court?

• to automatically overturn the original ruling

• to select cases for the Supreme Court

• to uphold the original ruling no matter what

• to review an original case for a mistake (appeal)

The Supreme Court has the power of Judicial Review. What is Judicial Review?

• When the Supreme Court decides if a law is unconstitutional or not.

• When the Supreme Court creates a new law.

• When the Supreme Court enforces the laws of the Legislative Branch.

• When the Supreme Court vetoes a bill from Congress.

How long can you remain a Supreme Court Justice once you are appointed and approved?

• 10 years

• 6 years

• until you are re-elected

• until you resign or die (life term)

What is the purpose of the Judicial Branch?

• to make the laws

• to interpret the laws

• to enforce the laws

• to renew the laws

_________ cases are those that involve a dispute or disagreement between two or more people that needs to be resolved by a judge.

• Criminal

• Civil

This ruling explicitly outlawed racial segregation of public education facilities, which were the legal establishment of separate government-run schools for blacks and whites. It ruled that the doctrine of "separate but equal" public education could never truly provide black Americans with facilities of the same standards available to white Americans.

• Brown vs Board of Ed

• Escobedo vs ILL

• Dred Scott vs Sanford

• Gregg vs Georgia

This ruling stated that people of African descent, whether or not they were slaves, could never be citizens of the United States, and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories.

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Gibbons v. Ogden

• Furman v. Georgia

• Dred Scott v. Sandford

This ruling held that public school curricular student newspapers that have not been established as forums for student expression are subject to a lower level of First Amendment protection than independent student expression or newspapers established (by policy or practice) as forums for student expression.

• In re Gault, 1966

• Korematsu v. United States, 1944

• Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 1988

• Mapp v. Ohio, 1961

This landmark ruling held that the basis for the exercise of judicial review of federal statutes by the United States Supreme Court under Article Three of the United States Constitution is legal.

• McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

• Marbury v. Madison, 1803

• Miranda v. Arizona, 1966

• New Jersey v. TLO, 1985