Thomas Kuhn

The Semmelweiss Effect refers to

• How inductive reasoning is always subjected to falsification

• how new research based on bold hypothesis is swiftly rejected because it threatens accepted paradigms

• How observation is always preferred to experimentation because it is more accurate.

• How the act of verification reinforces the confirmation bias of researchers

Explain in a few sentences the main idea that Thomas Khun is arguing for in his "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions?

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According to Khun, most of science in involved in ________solving

• Problem

• Puzzle

• Hypothesis

• Mystery

According to Khun, one of the great strengths of the natural sciences ironically is that they are

• Liberal and accepting of new ideas

• Dogmatic and Conservative

• Honest and based on observations

• Material and non-metaphysical

Answer explanation

Khun argued that one of the great strengths of the natural sciences is that they are dogmatic and conservative; their reliability is largely because a vast amount of evidence is needed to overturn accepted theories

According to Khun, what are the phases of scientific revoltuion?

• 1. Premonition

  2. Crisis

  3. Crisis resolution

  4. Scientific Revolution

• 1. Paradigmatic

  2. Normal Science 3. Experimentation

  4. Scientific Discovery

• 1. Pre-Paradigmatic

  2. Normal Science 3. Crisis

  4. Scientific Revolution

• 1. Paradigmatic Stage.

  2. Normal Science 3. Crisis

  4. Scientific Experimentation

According to Khun, the reason why "normal science" is useful is because

• Scientists cannot agree on assumptions

• Scientists cannot communicate with one another

• Scientists cannot formulate theories

• Scientists cannot conduct observations

In Thomas Khun's Structure of Scientific Revolutions, a paradigm can refer to

• Exemplar

• Disciplinary Matrix

• Evidence

• Falsification data

What is a Paradigm as Exemplar?

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What is a paradigm as Disciplinary Matrices?

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According to Khun, a discipline within science is...

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Answer explanation

Khun defines a discipline as a particular scientific community united by education as well as similar interests in problems of a particular kind, as well as acceptance of a particular range of possible solutions to such problems. For example, in the discipline of Chemistry, chemists agree that it is interesting to find out which elements react with one another, as well as the acceptance that one can conduct lab experiments to assume that what happens in the lab happens all over the world.