5C STAAR Practice

27. When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as —

• A. a tumor

• B. an embryo

• C. a gland

• D. an organ

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

10. What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

• Making energy available for cellular activities

• Creating bonds to form biomolecules

• Producing sugars that assist with replication

• Providing information to form proteins

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5C

50 Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?

• ATP production is inhibited.

• Cell division is unregulated.

• Somatic cell growth is inhibited.

• Antibody activity is unregulated.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

6 Atherosclerosis is a disease that obstructs blood flow and, therefore, oxygen supply to target organs. A major component of atherosclerosis is the excessive reproduction of smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels. Certain drugs may have the potential to reverse or prevent the unregulated reproduction of the diseased blood-vessel cells. Which of these processes is the most likely target of these drugs?

• Cell division

• Erythroblast differentiation

• DNA transcription

• Cellular respiration

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

41 The diagram below represents the cell cycle. When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G1 phase and then enter G0 phase, a resting period. Most normal cells can leave G0 phase and reenter the cell cycle at G1 phase before entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G0 phase and are likely to do which of the following?

• Fail to complete S phase

• Mutate during G1 phase

• Repeat the cell cycle continuously

• Die after completing mitosis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

7 Cells typically respond to DNA damage in three ways: by ceasing to grow and divide until the damage is repaired, by permanently ceasing to grow and divide, or by dying. In 2010 a group of scientists reported that a certain kind of immune reaction can cause DNA damage that leads to a fourth response. DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell-signaling pathways. Turning off these genes can cause less-mature cells to divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of —

• tumors

• allergies

• hemophilia

• cardiovascular disease

Tags

5D

2. During the cell cycle, proteins called cyclins bind to enzymes that send signals for the cell to progress through stages of cell replication. At the end of this cycle, the cyclins degrade to prevent further signaling for the cell to divide. Uncontrolled production of cyclins will most likely result in —

• the formation of tumors

• the immediate death of the cell

• the transfer of cyclins to other cells

• the formation of haploid cells

Tags

5C

An abnormal mass of cancer cells is called a 

• tumor
• cyst
• lesion
• polyp

Any substance that is known to cause cancer is called a

• carcinogen
• nicolyte
• pathogen
• retrovirus

Metastasis is

• the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another.
• the growth of tumors in the lungs
• cancer of the blood cells
• cancer that is found in connective tissues