Benchmark Jayda

Aristotle developed the first biological classification system, which classified organisms into two groups, plants and animals. Plants were further categorized into three groups, trees, shrubs and herbs, based on the size of the stem. Animals were first divided into red blood or bloodless. Then those with red blood were further classified into three groups, air, land and water, based on their primary habitat.

On which bases did Aristotle propose the biological classification system?

• structural characteristics and geographical areas of the organisms

• genetic materials of organisms

• evolutionary relationships between organisms

• visible characteristics and population sizes of the organisms

Which three characteristics are true for passive transport across a cell membrane?

• Particles move from an area of high to low concentration across the cell membrane

• Particles move across the cell membrane with energy supplied by ATP

• Particles move across the cell membrane to maintain homeostasis

• Particles that are very large enter the cell by fusing with the cell membrane

• Particles either exit or enter the cell by crossing the cell membrane

The amount of forest land is decreasing at a high rate in a country with a loss of 14,500 square kilometers in 2015. Which action can help improve the forest and increase resources in the area?

• Cut down diseased trees to create more room for younger trees to grow

• Construct new towns farther from major rivers to encourage transportation on land instead of water

• Plant crops that use less water to allow for less competition between farms and forests

• Use wood from trees to construct fences to prevent cattle from grazing in forests

Which is one reason for the Human Genome Project?

• to bring together scientists from around the world to change the human genome

• to change the sequence of the human genome to reduce the transmission of viruses

• to determine if new technology can add more DNA sequences into the human genome

• to collect information about the human genome to help in identifying genetic diseases

A student is making a model to show changes to matter and energy during photosynthesis. Which molecule stores the chemical energy produced during photosynthesis?

• carbon dioxide

• glucose

• oxygen

• water

Vacuoles can be present in both animal cells and plant cells. Animal cells contain many small vacuoles or no vacuoles at all. Plant cells often contain one large central vacuole.

Which argument justifies why animal cells can survive with smaller vacuoles or no vacuoles at all?

• Animal cells do not rely on vacuoles to create energy for cellular processes

• Animal cells do not rely on vacuoles to maintain rigidity or osmotic pressure

• Animal cells do not rely on vacuoles to transport water across the membrane

• Animal cells do not rely on vacuoles to store extra strands of DNA

Chinese silver grass is not native to the United States but is often chosen as a decorative plant in gardens. Which statement best describes a characteristic that qualifies how this non-native species impacts the ecosystem as an invasive species?

• It will not survive as the native species will quickly outcompete it for resources

• It will increase the number of native animal species in the area, which decreases the native plant species

• It will cause other plant species to move into the area, and herbivores will become extinct

• It will outcompete native plant species and limit the types of plants available for herbivores

Emphysema is a lung disease that can be caused by smoking or a disorder called alpha-I antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. AAT is a protein that protects lung tissue. AAT deficiency is a genetic condition that increases the risk for lung diseases. If the body does not make enough AAT, the lungs are easily damaged by cigarette smoking or other airborne pollutants.

Which can likely be concluded about emphysema?

• The expression of emphysema can be controlled by both genetic and environmental factors in an individual

• The expression emphysema depends on the age of an individual

• The expression emphysema depends on the size of the lungs in an individual

• The expression emphysema can be altered by the diet and exercise of an individual

Which is an ethical issue associated with wide-scale use of genetically modified crops?

• risk of unintentional gene transfer to other crops

• overproduction of crops in a small area of land

• the enhanced nutritional content of various food products

• a large decrease in the use of herbicides and pesticides

Which similarity is shared among all mammals?

• They produce the same proteins

• They produce all the same traits

• They have the same types of nucleotides

• They have the same number of chromosomes