Review for Unit 5 on Matter (Physical Science)

If you add an additional neutron to an atom, what do you create?

• a new element

• an ion

• a reaction

• an isotope

Which is of the following is a property of a nonmetallic element?

• malleable

• ductible

• dull

• conducts heat

An element has the following characteristics:

ductile

malleable

used in fireworks and machines

solid room temperature

forms a positive ion in compounds

Which element is best described with these characteristics?

• phosphorus

• francium

• magnesium

• carbon

Oxygen, O (atomic number 8), is n group 16 in the periodic table.

What would happen to this oxygen-16 atom if it loses two protons and two neutrons?

• Nitrogen-14

• It would become the isotope oxygen-12

• It would transform into the atom carbon-12

• The oxygen-16 would have an electrical charge of 2-

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

True or False

If two elements are in the same group/family will they have similar chemical and physical properties.

• True

• False

According to the Periodic Table, which of the following statements is TRUE?

• THE NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS INCREASE GOING FROM LEFT TO RIGHT BECAUSE MORE ELECTRONS ARE ADDED TO THE OUTERMOST ENERGY LEVEL.

• ALL OF THE TRANISTION METALS ARE SOLIDS BECAUSE THEY HAVE MORE IN COMMON WITH METALS THAN THEY DO WITH NONMETALS.

• THE NOBLE GASES ARE FOUND ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE BECAUSE THAT IS WHERE NONMETALS ARE FOUND.

• ALL METALS FORM NEGATIVE IONS BECAUSE THEY GIVE UP ELECTRONS TO FORM BONDS IN COMPOUNDS.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

As a scuba diving air tank is filled with air, the air is compressed in the tank to as much as 3000 psi of pressure. When filling the tank, it is observed that the tank becomes warmer.

Which argument BEST explains why this occurs?

• When air is compressed, it turns solid. A short time later, the air evaporates back into a gas which releases heat.

• Air molecules are free to move and as more air is added to the tank, the molecules move and collide faster which raises temperature.

• When air is compressed, the molecules line up into a crystalline structure, As the molecules line up, they release energy in the form of heat.

• When air is put into the tank, it expands rapidly, thereby raising the temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which is the correct formula for aluminum oxide?

• Al₂O

• Al0₃

• Al₃O₂

• Al₂O₃

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

The Law of multiple proportions states the elements combine to form compounds in mall whole number ratios. Oxygen and chlorine are two elements that form a series of compounds with varying numbers of oxygen and chlorine atoms in each molecule.

What is the correct IUPAC name for a molecule containing one atom of oxygen and two atoms of chlorine?

• chlorine oxide

• dichlorine oxygen

• dichlorine monoxide

• dichlorine oxide

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What is the correct chemical formula for dinitrogen tetraoxide?

• N₃O₂

• N₂O₃

• N₂O₄

• N₄0₂

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1