EOC Review Part 1

There are three "rules" that are universally accepted as parts to the cell theory. However, there are some exceptions to the cell theory. Which of the following is an exception?

• All living things are made of cells.

• Cells are the basic, structural and functional unit of life.

• Cells come from pre-existing cells

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts are self-replicating and can reproduce independently.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?

• decreases surface area in order to produce more proteins

• increases surface area in order to produce more proteins

• increases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to produce more energy

• decreases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to make more energy

Which of the following does NOT correctly match an organelle with its function?

• Mitochondria- produces ATP during cellular respiration

• Nucleus- contain information to make protein

• Golgi apparatus- creates food for the cell

• Chloroplast- captures sunlight to create glucose

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The structure of a cell is shown in the figure. Based on the figure, which structures are present in both animal and plant cells?

• 5, 7, and 11

• 3, 7 and 10

• 3, 5 and 10

• 1, 5 and 11

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Which structures are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes

• cell membrane, nucleus, and DNA   

• DNA, ribosomes, and cell wall

• cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

When animal cells are placed in low concentrations of saltwater, they can burst. However, plant cells exposed to the same low concentration of saltwater rarely burst. Why is this so?

• Animal cells have more permeable cell membranes than plant cells.

• Animal cells absorb more water than plant cells.

• Plant cells have cell membranes that prevent the cell from bursting.

• Plant cells have cell walls that prevent the cell from bursting.

Which of the following changes would be expected in the amino acid sequence if a GTAAAC DNA sequence of bases mutated to GTGAAC?

• the amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected

• the identity of one amino acid could possibly change

• the identity of more than one amino acid would change

• tRNA would not bring amino acids

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How does DNA replication help to conserve genetic information?

• By making an RNA copy of a DNA molecule.

• By combining fragments of DNA into new combinations.

• By making an exact copy of a DNA molecule for the next generation.

• By encoding information that causes cells to grow and develop in certain ways.

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The chart below decodes messenger RNA codons to amino acids they code for. A DNA strand has the codon TCA.

According to the chart, which amino acid does this code for?

• serine

• leucine

• glycine

• alanine

Answer explanation

REMEMBER YOU NEED TO CHANGE THE DNA TO RNA BEFORE YOU CAN USE THE AMINO ACID/CODON CHART!

Cancer is a disease caused by mutations. Yet in most instances, if a parent tragically dies from cancer, this does not put their child at greater risk than a person whose parents do not develop cancer. How can cancer caused by mutations be inherited? 

• Mutations that cause cancer occur in specific cells, such as somatic cells.

• Mutations caused by environmental agents, such as tobacco smoke, occur in somatic cells.

• Mutations that cause cancer are specific and cannot be passed on regardless of the type of cell they occur in.

• Cancers arise from mutations in germ line or sex cells.

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