GCSE - Criminal Psychology Common Mistakes

Bandura, Ross and Ross found...

• Boys were more verbally aggressive than girls

• Boys were more physically aggressive than girls

• Boys were more likely to copy male role models

• Girls were more likely to copy female role models

Answer explanation

Lots of people forget to put 'physically' aggressive and just put aggressive, remember to be specific.

Social learning theory includes...(pick 3)

• learning through observations

• vicarious reinforcement (learning through others being rewarded)

• positive reinforcements (you receiving a reward for your behaviour)

• imitation (copying anothers actions)

Answer explanation

Remember that positive reinforcement is part of operant conditioning theory and vicarious reinforcement is part of social learning theory. They are separate theories.

Social learning theory has 4 mediation processes, these are cognitive processes and include...

• attention

• imitation

• identification

• vicarious reinforcements

Operant conditioning suggests that we learn through...

• observation

• watching others

• consequences

• genetics

One example of operant conditioning is when you get a reward such as a TV when you behave well. This is called...

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

Another example of operant conditioning is when you get put in jail for committing a crime. This is called...

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

Restorative justice is when...

• the offender speaks to the victim of the crime or their family

• the offender receives tokens for their good behaviour which can be exchanged for rewards

• the offender is trained in how to control their anger

Which of these is referring to punishments for criminals?

• Anger management

• Token economy

• Restorative Justice

• Community Sentencing

Which of these personality traits is associated with criminal behaviour?

• High neuroticism

• High extroversion

• High introversion

• High stability

Identification is part of two topics, but which of these refers to identification in reference to criminal behaviour?

• When you conform to a role both publicly and privately in the short-term

• When you choose who you want to observe and copy