musical signs

raises the pitch of a note a half step.

• SHARP

• flat

• natural

lowers the pitch of a note a half step.

• sharp

• flat

• dot

cancels the sharp or flat signs placed before the note, thus restoring a note to its natural tone.

• natural

• dot

• flat

adds one half the value of the principal note.

• flat

• natural

• dot

connects two or more notes of the same pitch with the use of a curved line.

• tie

• slur

• dot

connects two notes of different pitches with the use of a curved line.

• slur

• sharp

• tie

extends the value of the note or rest twice the original or at the performer’s discretion

• fermata or hold

• slur

• accent

shows the emphasis or stress placed on a note.

• accent

• sharp

• tie

indicates that the music within the dotted bars should be repeated.

• repeat mark

• dot

• slur

shows the singer the correct time to pause for breath by inserting a sign in a vocal parts; usually corresponds to the end of a phrase.

• breath mark

• accent

• repeat mark