Ecology MCAS 2022

An English doctor is given credit for developing the modern terrarium in the 1800s. The doctor kept some plants in a sealed glass jar containing soil and air. The plants survived in the sealed jar for four years.What two processes allowed the plants to cycle nutrients and survive in the sealed jar?

• meiosis and fertilization
• mutualism and commensalism
• photosynthesis and cellular respiration
• asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction

The diagram below summarizes a series of chemical reactions that occur in cells.Which product of these reactions directly supplies energy to cells?

• ATP
• Pyruvate
• CO₂
• ethanol

Some diseases decrease the activity of certain enzymes in the mitochondria of cells. Which of the following is the most direct result of this decreased enzyme activity?

• The cells are not able to divide by mitosis.
• The cells are not able to move water by diffusion
• The cells produce less ATP by cellular respiration.
• The cells produce fewer sugars by photosynthesis.

ATP molecules in cells undergo a process called hydrolysis. The equation below represents this process.
ATP + H₂O → ADP + Pi
What always happens within cells as a result of ATP hydrolysis?

• Water is produced.
• Chemical energy is released.
• Phosphorus atoms are used up
• Carbohydrate building blocks are formed.

Which of the following substances is used by plants as a reactant in photosynthesis?

• carbon dioxide
• glucose
• oxygen
• pyruvic acid

The graph below shows the change in blood glucose level during prolonged exercise.
Which of the following statements explains the change in blood glucose level shown in the graph?

• Glucose was broken down to produce ATP for energy.
• Glucose diffused from muscle cells into the bloodstream.
• Proteins combined with glucose to produce ADP for energy.
• Polysaccharides were made from glucose in metabolic pathways.

During exercise, a person’s muscles need a constant supply of ATP. To meet this need, the rate of which of the following processes increases?

• cellular respiration
• mitosis
• protein synthesis
• transcription

What is a producer?

• an organism that gets energy from eating other organisms
• an organisms that uses sunlight to make its own food
• an organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, non-living material or waste
• an organism that uses chemical energy to make its own food

An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms is a ______________

• producer
• consumer
• decomposer
• prey

The products of photosynthesis are carbohydrates (glucose) and oxygen. Which process uses these substances as reactants?

• Cellular Respiration

• Fertilization

• Mechanical Digestion

• Translation