What makes roller coasters go so fast?

Going downhill uses up energy.

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The turns in a roller coaster help it to have more energy

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We get energy from the food we eat.

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The higher an object goes, the more stored energy it has.

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Mateo, Katy, and Robb are all competing in a sled race. They raced each other three times. Mateo always started from the highest point, Katy always started from second highest point, and Robb always started from the lowest height. The table shows how fast each person was going when they reached the forest at the bottom of the hill each time. The winner is the person that goes the fastest. What kind of pattern do you notice?

• a. Mateo always went faster than Katy and Robb.
• b. Katy always went faster than Mateo and Robb.
• c. Robb always went faster than Mateo and Katy.

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Why does the same person always win the sled races? Explain in terms of energy.

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Robb wants to win the next sled race. He asks for your advice. What would you tell him he should change in order to win? Explain why your solution would work in terms of energy.

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Camila is playing a game of pool. The game works by having players hit a white ball with a stick. The white ball then rolls across the table and collides with another pool ball. In the picture , Camila hits the white ball from her current position. What do you predict will most likely happen?

• a. The white ball will hit the 3-ball and make a sound. Then the 3-ball will start to move.
• b. The white ball will hit the 3-ball, but will not make a sound. Then the 3-ball will start to move.
• c. The white ball will hit the 7-ball and make a sound. Then the 7-ball will start to move.
• d. The white ball will hit the 7-ball, but will not make a sound. Then the 7-ball will start to move.

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If Camila gets the 11-ball into the corner pocket (see arrow), then she wins the game! What is the biggest problem that might prevent Camila from winning the game?

• a. The 4-ball is in the left corner. There may not be enough energy transferred to the 4-ball to get it to move.
• b. The 5-ball and 3-ball are in front of the 11-ball. There may not be enough energy transferred to the 11-ball to get it to move.
• c. The 5-ball and 3-ball are in front of the 11-ball. There is no way to get energy to the 11-ball or get it to move.
• d. The 5-ball and 3-ball are in front of the 11-ball. There may be too much energy transferred to the 11-ball to get it to move.

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What do you predict will most likely happen if Camila lightly taps the white ball, giving it just a small amount of energy?

• a. The white ball will transfer energy to the 5-ball. The 5-ball will move a little and then stop.
• b. The white ball will transfer energy to the 5-ball. Then the 5-ball will transfer energy to the 4-ball. The 4-ball will move a little and then stop.
• c. The white ball will transfer energy to the 5-ball. Then the 5-ball will transfer energy to the 3-ball. Then the 3-ball will transfer energy to the 11-ball. The 11-ball will move and may go into the right corner pocket.

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