The Middle Ages

Europe’s seas and rivers played an important part in Europe’s growth because they provided both protection and opportunities for

• invading other lands.

• combining kingdoms.

• trading with nearby economies.

• converting distant groups to Catholicism.

Which was a Germanic people who settled the area known today as France?

• Angles

• Celts

• Franks

• Saxons

Charlemagne was the first Frankish ruler to believe in what for all people?

• education

• equality

• freedom

• religion

Between A.D. 800 and 900, parts of Europe were invaded by Muslims, Magyars, and 

• Vikings.

• Vandals.

• Finns.

• Gauls.

In 1073, Pope Gregory VII issued a decree forbidding kings from appointing high-ranking

• church officials.

• military leaders.

• political officials.

• trade leaders.

to exclude a person from church membership

• fjord

• excommunicate

• Aachen

• concordat

German king the pope declared emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

• Otto I

• Aachen

• fjord

• concordat

steep-sided valley that is an inlet of the sea

• fjord

• excommunicate

• Aachen

• concordat

capital of Charlemagne’s empire

• fjord

• excommunicate

• Aachen

• concordat

agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country

• concordat

• fjord

• excommunicate

• Aachen