BIO EOC REVIEW DAY 16

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   The sex of some reptiles, including the American alligator, is determined by the temperature at which the eggs are incubated. For example, incubating them at 33°C produces mostly males, while incubation at 30°C produces mostly females. Scientists recently discovered a thermo sensor protein, TRPV4, that is associated with this process in American alligators. TRPV4 is activated by temperatures near the mid-30s, and increases the movement of calcium ions into certain cells involved with sex determination.

The results of this scientific investigation will most likely lead other scientists to hypothesize which of the following?

 

• A. human sex cells also contain the TRPV4 protein

• B. other reptiles may have the TRPV4 protein in their eggs

• C. the TRPV4 protein affects the growth of plants

• D. the TRPV4 protein is present in all of the foods eaten by alligators

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   An osmosis investigation was conducted using 20 chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. The eggs were then transferred to corn syrup for 24 hours and then to distilled water for 24 hours. The mass, in grams (g), of each egg was measured before and after each soaking to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The table below shows the average mass of the eggs at each step of the investigation.

Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?  

OSMOSIS IN CELLS

• A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.

• B. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.

• C.   Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

• D. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes.

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    An environmental group claims that the endangered Florida panther should be captured and maintained in a facility so that they can safely breed and increase in number.  Which step should be taken to determine whether this course of action will work? 

• A. Debate with different zoologists to see who has the best idea.

• B. Look at data from similar conservation attempts with endangered species.

• C. Leave the panthers alone for 10-15 years and re-evaluate what the next step is.

• D. Ask the Florida legislature to poll people in their represented areas for ideas and opinions.

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   A group of scientists conducted an experiment to find out how the amount of fertilizer used will affect the growth of strawberry plants.  The experiment was done using amounts of fertilizer that were less than and greater than the fertilizer manufacturer’s recommendation. 

 

Use the table to analyze the data of growth of the strawberry plants measured after 10 days.  Which inference is supported by the data?    

• A.   Giving strawberry plants too much or too little fertilizer does not affect their growth.  

• B. Giving strawberry plants too much or too little fertilizer will decrease their growth. 

• C. Giving strawberry plants too much fertilizer does not affect their growth. 

• D. Giving strawberry plants too little fertilizer will increase their growth. 

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Students in a science class survey their classmates about their favorite foods.  Why is the statement “The best burgers are the ones with cheese and pickles” not a scientific one?

• A. Some people are lactose intolerant and can’t eat cheese to give their opinion.

• B. There is no way to scientifically prove this statement with a large enough group.

• C. The “best burger” would vary from person to person depending on their regular diet.

• D.   Vegans and vegetarians would not be included, so this experiment is not fair to everyone.

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  Larvae of the diamondback moth feed on cauliflower plants. The larvae of the diamondback moth are now resistant to various types of pesticides. Which statement describes how the larvae became resistant?  

• A.   The pesticide is only effective against the larvae at certain times of the year.

• B. Natural variations in plants neutralize the pesticide before it reaches the larvae.

• C. Natural variations in diamondback moth genes allowed some individuals to survive.

• D. The pesticide is not effective against adult diamondback moths while they hibernate in the adult plant.

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    A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period of time. How might genetic drift affect this population?  

• A. It will reduce genetic diversity.

• B. It will accelerate the appearance of new traits.

• C. It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits.

• D. It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits.

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    A mouse is born with spots on its fur. This mouse belongs to a species of mouse which has never had spots on its fur. Which of the following could explain this change in genetic variation?

   

• A. Gene flow

• B. Genetic drift

• C. Genetic immigration

• D. Genetic recombination

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     Common baboons live on the savanna in breeding groups called troops. While females tend to stay with the troop, younger or less dominant males may leave to join a neighboring troop. Which of these is a likely outcome of movement by young males?

• A. Gene flow occurs between populations.

• B. Allele frequencies suddenly change.

• C.   Relative genotypic frequencies reach a constant state.

• D. Intermediate phenotypes increase in the species.

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   In the 1940s, the scientist J. B. S. Haldane linked many human red blood cell disorders with the tropical regions where malaria occurs. Haldane hypothesized that the widespread presence of these red blood cell disorders as well as traits that protect individuals from malaria were the result of natural selection. Haldane’s hypothesis was later confirmed by the research of A. C. Allison.

Which of the following is the best reason for the resistance to malaria carried by individuals in areas where malaria is widespread?

a

• A. a vaccine against malaria

• B. the individuals’ genetic composition

• C. antibiotic medications

• D. the individuals’ behavior in avoiding those with the infection

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