Biology MCAS Practice Test CP

Images of the embryo and adult stages of three different organisms are shown. Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this evidence?

• Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms eat the same types of food

• Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms live in a similar environment

• Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms share a recent common ancestor.

• Having similar embryos indicates that a certain protein controls how many legs the adult organisms will have.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

 A partial food web is shown. Select TWO changes that would most likely lead to a decrease in the size of the sea otter population in the area.

• A law is passed that results in less fishing in the area.

• Warmer ocean temperatures cause more algae to grow in the area.

•  Chemical runoff from a factory kills many crabs and small fish in the area.

•  An invasive species of sea star that preys on sea urchins moves into the area.

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A small number of people have an inherited mutation that decreases the likelihood of heart disease. The mutation causes the amino acid cysteine to be replaced by arginine. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY responsible for this mutation?

• a large protein with a longer polypeptide chain

• the duplication of a chromosome in the genome

• the crossing over of a chromosome in the genome

• a substitution of one nucleotide in the DNA sequence

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) production in plant cells as a result of cellular respiration. Based on the graph, select the response that correctly completes each statement:

"When temperature INCREASES, the rate at which glucose is used by cells is expected to?"

• Decrease

• Increase

• Stay the same

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) production in plant cells as a result of cellular respiration. Based on the graph, select the response that correctly completes each statement:

"When temperature DECREASES, the rate at which glucose is used by cells is expected to?"

• Decrease

• Increase

• Stay the same

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which of the following best describes a result of mitosis?

• organisms whose genetic diversity increases over time

• daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell

• gametes with combinations of alleles absent in the parent cell

• chromosomes that carry different genetic instructions to each cell

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The distribution of shell heights in a population of snails changed over time, as shown. Which of the following BEST explains what happened to the genetic diversity of this snail population in regard to shell height?

• Genetic diversity decreased because of selection pressure.

• Genetic diversity increased because of changes in food sources.

• Genetic diversity stayed the same because of equal birth and death rates.

• Genetic diversity increased because of the introduction of a new behavior.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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NGSS.HS-LS4-5

A section of DNA is shown. Which sequence best shows the result of transcription for the section of DNA?

• AGC TAT AGG

• UCG AUA UCC

• TCG ATA TCC

• AGC UAU AGG

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Herbicides are chemicals that kill plants by interrupting important biological processes. Different herbicides affect different plant processes. The herbicide atrazine prevents the chemical reactions that use energy from sunlight.

A plant is sprayed with atrazine. Exposure to atrazine causes an immediate DECREASE in the production of two substances in the plant. Select the TWO substances.

• DNA

• carbon dioxide

• glucose

• phospholipids

• oxygen

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

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Genetic engineering is a process used to introduce a new trait into an individual organism or into a population of organisms.

Inherited traits are passed from parents to offspring through

• Genes

• Proteins

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2