Outer Space: Cosmology

According to Hubble's Law...

• Most galaxies are moving towards the Earth

• Galaxies further away from the Earth are moving away at a faster rate

• Galaxies are blueshifted

• Only galaxies close to the Earth are redshifted

Which statement about the elements hydrogen and helium are true and help support the Big Bang Theory?

• The relative proportions of these two elements are 75% hydrogen and 24.5% helium.

• Hydrogen and Helium are the first two elements that appear on the periodic table of elements.

• Hydrogen and Helium are the primary elements in the fusion that takes place within our sun.

• Hydrogen has fewer subatomic particles and is lighter than Helium.

The approximate age of the universe is estimated to be

• 4.6 million years

• 4.6 billion years

• 13.8 million years

• 13.8 billion years

Which evidence best supports the theory that the universe began with an expansion called the Big Bang?

• impact craters found on Earth

• cosmic background radiation

• the different compositions of planets in the Solar System

• the blue shift of light from distant galaxies

The theory that the universe is expanding is supported by data from the

• nuclear decay of radioactive materials

• nuclear fusion of radioactive materials

• blue shift of light from distant galaxies

• red shift of light from distant galaxies

The distance that light travels in one year...

• Light year
• Parsec

• Astronomical Unit (AU)

• Standard candle

Which description is considered most accurate regarding what actually happened during the Big Bang?

• Two galaxies collided causing an immense explosion as stars crashed into one another

• All of what would become the universe was concentrated in a single small point, or singularity, which rapidly expanded into what is now stars, planets, galaxies, matter, and energy.

• All matter emerged from a massive black hole at the center of the universe.

• Parts of the sun were ripped off by massive internal explosions and were thrown into space where they cooled to become other things, like plants, comets, and other galaxies.

If something that makes light is moving away from you, it spreads the wavelengths of light out. This application of the Doppler effect is known as ___.

• blue shift

• green shift

• red shift

• black shift

Astrophysical objects whose intrinsic brightness (luminosity) is known are called ___

• defined torches

• accepted emitters

• standard candles

• regulation lamps

In the 1990s, astronomers studying distant supernovae found that the expansion of the universe was ___

• indeterminable

• constant

• decelerating

• accelerating