Quiz about OCR A level Psychology Core Study: Milgram (1963)

Question 1

As a member of the Jewish community, who's family had left Europe for the US to escape the Nazi atrocities, Milgram was interested in ______.

Accepted Answer

destructive obedience

Answer

constructive obedience

Answer

blind obedience

Answer

negotiated obedience

Question 2

Early research into the Holocaust suggested the atrocities could be attributed to the German culture. This is known as a ________.

Accepted Answer

dispositional hypothesis

Answer

situational hypothesis

Answer

directional hypothesis

Answer

experimental hypothesis

Question 3

Milgram (1963) believed social processes were responsible for the atrocities not individual characteristics. This is know as a _________.

Accepted Answer

situational hypothesis

Answer

dispositional hypothesis

Answer

directional hypothesis

Answer

experimental hypothesis

Question 4

The aim of Milgram's (1963) study was to investigate how obedient people would be to orders from person in authority that would result in ______.

Accepted Answer

pain and harm to another person

Answer

pain and harm to themselves

Answer

no pain or harm to another person

Answer

pain and harm for everyone

Question 5

More specifically, Milgram's (1963) aim was to see how large ____ participants would give to ____ when ordered to by a scientist in his own lab.

Accepted Answer

an electric shock; a helpless man

Answer

a wet sock; a hapless man

Answer

an electric shock; a hapless man

Answer

an electric shock; a harmless man

Question 6

Milgram's (1963) study could best be described as a _____ because it had only one condition.

Accepted Answer

pre-experiment

Answer

lab experiment

Answer

field experiment

Answer

natural experiment

Question 7

Milgram's (1963) dependent variable was ______.

Accepted Answer

obedience

Answer

the presence of an authority figure

Answer

proximity of the authority figure

Answer

status of the institution

Question 8

Milgram's (1963) used a ______ sample. Participants were paid $4.50 each after they had been recruited through newspaper adverts.

Accepted Answer

volunteer

Answer

random

Answer

stratified

Answer

systematic

Question 9

Milgram's (1963) sample consisted of ___ aged between _____.

Accepted Answer

40; 20 - 50

Answer

50: 30 - 60

Answer

30: 20 - 60

Answer

60; 25 - 55

Question 10

Milgram's (1963) participants were guaranteed to be the teacher because _____.

Accepted Answer

the drawing of lots was rigged

Answer

none wanted to be the learner

Answer

the other participant wanted to be the learner

Answer

the confederate (learner) couldn't read

Question 11

The teacher (particpant) first read out a list of word-pairs to the learner (confederate). They then read out the first word of a word-pair giving the learner __ options to choose from. Incorrect responses were punished with _____.

Accepted Answer

4; an electric shock

Answer

4; a slap on the head

Answer

3; an electirc shock

Answer

4; an electric eel

Question 12

The only shock in the whole procedure was _____.

Accepted Answer

a test shock of 45V given to the teacher

Answer

a test shock of 45V given to the learner

Answer

a test shock of 45V given to the experimenter

Answer

a test shock of 45V given to the Milgram

Question 13

The electric shock generator had _____ and increased in _____ intervals from 15V - 450V.

Accepted Answer

verbal descriptions; 15V

Answer

visual descriptions; 15V

Answer

verbal descriptions; 30V

Answer

visual descriptions; 30V

Question 14

The experimenter, Mr. Williams, had ______ to encourage them to ______, e.g. "It is absolutely essential that you continue"

Accepted Answer

4 prompts; continue

Answer

3 prompts; continue

Answer

5 prompts; consider their withdrawal

Answer

5 prompts; relax

Question 15

After participants had completed the procedure they were _____, asked _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

All other options

Answer

interviewed

Answer

to rate how painful the shocks were on a scale of 1 - 14

Answer

debriefed

Question 16

Milgram's (1963) results showed that ____ of participants administered at least the ____ shock.

Accepted Answer

100%; 300V

Answer

100%; 450V

Answer

65%; 450V

Answer

65%; 300V

Question 17

Milgram's (1963) results showed that ____ of participants administered the maximum ____ shock.

Accepted Answer

65%; 450V

Answer

100%; 300V

Answer

100%; 450V

Answer

65%; 300V

Question 18

Milgram's (1963) analysis of qualitative data, i.e. assessing participants' body language and interviews, indicated participants showed ____ during the procedure.

Accepted Answer

signs of tension

Answer

signs of life

Answer

signs of indifference

Answer

signs of psychopathy

Question 19

Milgram (1963) concluded people are _____ to ______ than we might expect.

Accepted Answer

much more obedient; destructive orders

Answer

much less obedient; destructive orders

Answer

much more obedient; constructive orders

Answer

much less obedient; constructive orders

Question 20

Milgram (1963) concluded the experience of _____ destructive orders is _____.

Accepted Answer

receiving and obeying; highly stressful

Answer

obeying; highly stressful

Answer

receiving; highly stressful

Answer

receiving and obeying; not stressful

Question 21

A strength of Milgram's (1963) study is due to the high control of a lab setting many _______ meaning he could be reasonably confident it was the ______.

Accepted Answer

extraneous variables; independent variable affecting the dependent variable

Answer

confounding variables; independent variable affecting the dependent variable

Answer

confounding variables; dependent variable affecting the independent variable

Answer

extraneous variables; dependent variable affecting the independent variable

Question 22

A strength of Milgram's (1963) study collected ______. Therefore it has the strengths of both types of data.

Accepted Answer

quantitative and qualitative data

Answer

quartile and qualtative data

Answer

quantitative and questionable data

Answer

quantitative and quarantine data

Question 23

A strength of Milgram's (1963) study is, although it was made difficult, participants had the ______.

Accepted Answer

right to withdraw from the study

Answer

right to withdraw claim insanity

Answer

right to phone a friend

Answer

right to draw the study

Question 24

A strength of Milgram's (1963) study is has ______. This is because the procedure has been replicated many times with results being relatively consistent.

Accepted Answer

good reliability

Answer

good validity

Answer

good generalisability

Answer

good applications

Question 25

Milgram's (1963) use of a volunteer sample is a limitation as most people who volunteer are _____.

Accepted Answer

not typical and therefore are unlikely to be representative of the wider population

Answer

typical and therefore are unlikely to be representative of the wider population

Answer

not typical and therefore are likely to be representative of the wider population

Answer

not typical and therefore are unlikely to be unrepresentative of the wider population

Question 26

Why could Milgram's (1963) study be accused of lacking ecological validity?

Accepted Answer

It's unlikely you'll find yourself operating an electric shock machine in everyday life

Answer

It's unlikely you'll find yourself teaching a friend word-pairs in everyday life

Answer

It's unlikely you'll find yourself being ordered to do something harmful in everyday life

Answer

It's unlikely you'll find others operating an electric shock machine in everyday life

Question 27

Why could Milgram's (1963) study be considered unethical?

Accepted Answer

Participants were exposed to psychological harm

Answer

Participants' identity was anonymised

Answer

Participants were paid

Answer

Participants were interviewed after the experiment had finished

Question 28

Which is the most appropriate explanation for Milgram's (1963) sample being unrespresentative of the wider population? All participants were male and they were from the same geographical area. This means the sample

Accepted Answer

All participants were male and they were from the same geographical area

Answer

All participants were male and they from a wide geographical area

Answer

Participants were male and female

Answer

All participants were male and they were from a range of occupations

Question 29

One application of Milgram's (1963) study is a better understanding of factors affecting destructive obedience. Therefore, this allows bodies like the International Criminal Court to _____.

Accepted Answer

in some cases predict atrocities before they take place

Answer

understand the motivation of world leaders

Answer

prevent genocide by educating school children

Answer

prevent genocide by educating politicians

Question 30

Another application of Milgram's (1963) study is a better understanding of plane crashes. Tarnow (2000) analysed 37 records of plane crashes finding that ___ could have been prevented if ______.

Accepted Answer

25%; pilots had not obeyed orders from the ground

Answer

25%; pilots had obeyed orders from the ground

Answer

45%; ground control operators had not obeyed orders from the pilot

Answer

35%; ground control operators had not obeyed orders from the pilot

OCR A level Psychology Core Study: Milgram (1963)

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