Cultural dimensions and communication styles

Who defined the 5 cultural dimensions of:

·  Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV)

·  Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS)

·  Power Distance Index (PDI)

·  Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)

·  Long-Term Orientation versus Short-Term Orientation (LTO)

• Hofstede (2005)

• Trompenaars, Hampden- Turner (1997)

Who defined the 7 cultural dimensions of:

1. Universalism vs. particularism

3. Neutral vs. emotional

4. Specific vs. diffuse

5. Achievement vs. ascription

6. Sequential vs. synchronic

7. Internal vs. external control

• Hofstede (2005)

• Trompenaars, Hampden- Turner (1997)

When rules are preferred over relationships:

• Universalism

• Particularism

Allowing for gratification instead of applying strict social rules:

• Restraint

• Indulgence

Relationship between higher and lower social classes.

• Uncertainty avoidance

• Power distance

Tolerance to unpredictability:

• Uncertainty avoidance

• Power distance

Social status is given to us without having to prove it:

• Achievement

• Ascription

A goal-oriented type of communication rather than person-oriented:

• Instrumental

• Affective

Opposite of “elaborate” in communication styles:

• Indirect

• Succint

Preference for achievement, material rewards for success, heroism.

• Femininity

• Masculinity