1911 Revolution

Which of the following was not a cause of the 1911 Revolution?

• Growth of Han Chinese nationalism and resentment of the ruling Manchu elite

• Popular discontent caused by famine and high food prices

• Spread of Republican ideas in China

• Spread of revolutionary propaganda in the provincial New Armies

Which of the following best describes the nature of the 1911 Revolution?

• A civil war between Republican and Monarchist forces, which was won when Republicans defeated the Monarchists and established the Republic of China

• A coup d’etat directed by the Military Revolutionary Committee of the Beijing Soviet

• A peaceful revolution started by 3,000 students demonstrating in Tiananmen Square, calling for the emperor to abdicate

• A civil war between Republican and Monarchist forces which ended with a negotiated peace and the overthrow of the Chinese Empire

Which of the following best describes the role of General Yuan Shikai in the 1911 Revolution?

• He fought to defend the Qing Dynasty and was overthrown by the Republican forces led by Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)

• He initially fought to defend the Qing Dynasty in 1911, but defected to the Republican rebels in 1912

• He seized power in a coup d’état and ruled as a military dictator

• He helped secure the abdication of the Qing Dynasty in exchange for the support of Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) in becoming President of the Republic of China

Which of the following best describes the role of Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) in the 1911 Revolution?

• He was uninvolved in the actual revolution as he was overseas, but his ideas were the main inspiration for Chinese Republicans

• He instigated a coup d’état which brought down the Qing Dynasty, but was forced to flee China after General Yuan Shikai seized power

• He united 12 rebel provinces to form the Republic of China and then negotiated peace terms with the loyalist forces commanded by Yuan Shikai

• He was elected the first President of the Republic of China, and led Republican forces to victory over the armies of the Chinese Empire

On which date did the final emperor of the Qing Dynasty abdicate the throne, thus ending the Chinese Empire?

• 14 April 1913

• 1 January 1912

• 10 October 1911

• 12 February 1912

Which of the following best describes the outcome of the National Assembly elections of December 1912?

• The Guomindang (Kuomintang) party won 50% of the vote, giving it a clear mandate to rule

• Yuan Shikai rigged the elections to ensure that he won

• The Guomindang lost the elections, and so Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) ordered the dismissal of the assembly to prevent any challenge to his authority

• Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) was elected President

Which of the following best describes how Yuan Shikai governed the Republic of China from 1912 to 1916?

• He claimed that China needed to go through a period of ‘political tutelage’ before it could enjoy full democracy

• He relied on the support of the Guomindang and Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) to govern China

• He suppressed democratic and republican organisations, and ruled as a military dictator

• He indoctrinated the population to worship him using a cult of personality and ruled as an authoritarian dictator

Place the following events in the correct order:

I. Appointment of Yuan Shikai as President

II. Establishment of the Republic of China

III. Dismissal of the National Assembly

IV. Abdication of the last Qing Emperor

• II, I, III, IV

• II, IV, I, III

• IV, I, II, III

• IV, II, I, III

Which of the following best describes the immediate consequence of Yuan Shikai’s death in 1916?

• Chinese intellectuals began searching for new ideas and ideologies which could help them strengthen China

• China was thrown into chaos as his army generals began to struggle for power with one another

• Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) was able to return to China and re-establish the Guomindang

• Imperial Japan took advantage of the power vacuum in China and invaded Manchuria

The 1911 Revolution decisively brought about the overthrow of the Chinese Empire. Why, then, do most historians consider the 1911 Revolution to be a failure?

• It was just the beginning, rather than the end, of the Chinese Revolution, as political conflict continued for another four decades

• It failed to bring democracy to China, which was the main goal of the revolutionaries in 1911

• It failed to significantly change China’s political, economic or social systems, which remained largely the same as they were under the Chinese Empire

• It left China weak and vulnerable to Japanese invasion