Why is HIV classed as an STI?

• It can be passed on through semen and vaginal fluid

• It can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy

• It can be passed on through direct contact with infected blood

• It can be passed on through skin to skin contact

What does a vaccine contain?

• A large amount of an active form of the pathogen

• A small amount of an active form of the pathogen

• A small amount of a dead or weakened form of the pathogen

• A large amount of a dead or weakened form of the pathogen

How do viruses replicate themselves?

• Cell division by mitosis

• Cell division by meiosis

• Invading cells of other organisms

• Binary fission

What is a placebo?

• A fake drug with no active ingredients

• An existing drug with known effects

• A new drug being tested

• A computer simulation to test a new drug

Which of these DOES NOT prevent pathogens entering the body?

• Enzymes in tears to attack pathogens

• The skin as a physical barrier

• Mucus and hair in the nose to trap pathogens

• White blood cells

Who discovered that handwashing and sterilising equipment could reduce rates of infection after surgery?

• Louis Pasteur

• Alexander Fleming

• Joseph Lister

• Edward Jenner

Which of these is NOT an antimicrobial?

• Paracetamol

• Antibiotics

• Toilet cleaner

• Antifungals

How does the immune response work if the same pathogen attempts to reinfect the body?

• The correct antigen for the antibody on the pathogen is made much more quickly

• The correct antibody for the antigen on the pathogen is made much more quickly

• The correct antigen for the antibody on the pathogen is made much more slowly

• The correct antibody for the antigen on the pathogen is made much more slowly

What is the correct sequence of stages for drug development?

• Computer models, tests on human tissue cultures, animal testing, clinical trials on humans

• Computer models, animal testing, tests on human tissue cultures, clinical trials on humans

• Animal testing, computer models, tests on human tissue cultures, clinical trials on humans

• Animal testing, tests on human tissue cultures, clinical trials on humans, computer models

How are vaccines used to give active immunity from disease?

• White blood cells are injected to kill the pathogen

• Memory cells are created which can quickly produce the correct antibody for the pathogen

• Antibodies are injected to treat the disease

• Antibiotics destroy bacteria by damaging cell walls