Learning theories

Behaviourism is based on the following principle

• Behaviour is mechanic

• Learning is the result of stimulus-response

• The mind is like a computer

• Learning is self-directed

Burrhus Skinner developed ................................. conditioning, based on the idea that learning happens as a result of a reward/ punishment system.

In classical conditioning (I. Pavlov)

• Desired behaviour increases if it is positively reinforced.

• Behaviour can be modified through neutral stimuli.

• Behaviour occurs in the absence of environmental stimuli.

• It is important to connect bits of information.

Which best describes constructivism

• The mind is like a black box. It is the change in behaviour that really matters.

• Learning should be viewed in its entirety. It must lead to self-actualization.

• Information processing looks at how information is retrieved and stored.

What are some important theorists associated with constructivism?

• J. Piaget, J. Bruner, L. Vygotsky

• J. Piaget, C. Rogers, A. Maslow.

• I. Pavlov, J. Watson. E. Thorndike

What is a schema (J. Piajet)?

• A mental model of everything we know about a given subject at a given time.

• A visual representation that the student has.

• A diagram that a teacher makes on the board to help students learn.

What is discovery learning (J. Bruner)?

• giving students the rule so that they can work on examples

• a step by step process whereby students carry out research and the tutor listens to their queries.

• starting with examples to determine students to come up with the rule

According to the humanistic approach, learning is:

• holistic, self-directed

• a mechanic process

• directed by the lecturer

Some important theorists within the humanistic school of thought are:

• Skinner and Pavlov

• Piaget, Vygostky, Bruner

• Rogers, Maslow, Goleman