7A Genetics

A manual contains instructions for how to build a variety of structures using a set of interlocking bricks. If this scenario is used as a model for genetic information, which statement is correct?

• The manual is a chromosome.

• Each set of instructions is a protein.

• Each structure is a gene.

• The interlocking bricks are the chromosomes.

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How are chromosomes and genes alike?

• They both contain genetic material.

• They are both part of DNA.

• They both encode a single protein.

• They are both found on chromatids.

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In pea plants, the allele for round peas, R, is dominant over the allele for wrinkled peas, r. What is the phenotype of a pea plant with genotype Rr?

• round

• wrinkled

• slightly wrinkled

• some round and some wrinkled

What determines a trait of an organism?

• the combination of its alleles

• its phenotype

• the number of dominant alleles

• the number of copies of the gene

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Which statement is accurate about dominant alleles?

• They are expressed whenever present.

• They are indicated by lowercase letters.

• They are expressed only when a recessive allele is not present.

• They result in the trait of shortness in pea plants.

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In a certain dog breed, the allele B for a black coat is dominant, and the allele b for a spotted coat is recessive. What genotypes for this dog breed would lead to a spotted phenotype?

• BB

• bb

• BB & bb

• Bb

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Which statement is true of all proteins?

• Their structure is related to their function.

• Their main function is to cause mutations.

• They are created by mutations in DNA.

• They carry oxygen in human blood.

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What is the main benefit of genetic biodiversity?

• Genetic biodiversity helps populations adapt to environmental changes.

• Genetic biodiversity helps populations avoid predators.

• Genetic biodiversity helps individuals produce more offspring.

• Genetic biodiversity helps individuals compete with each other.

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Which statement is true?

• Neutral mutations occur when a mutation in a DNA region results in the same sequence as the original. 

• Neutral mutations occur when a mutation is found in a DNA region that codes for proteins.

• Neutral mutations occur when a mutation in a DNA region provides an advantage that helps the organism survive.

• Neutral mutations occur when a mutation is found in a DNA region and results in a harmful disease.

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Three plants are grown in the same environmental conditions with equal sunlight, water, and space to grow. One plant grew to have a purple flower while the other two grew white flowers. What is the most likely conclusion that can be made for the change in flower color?

• Genetic factors caused the differences in flower color.

• Environmental factors caused a genetic mutation that caused the differences in flower color.

• Environmental conditions caused the differences in flower color.

• Genetic factors caused environmental changes that caused the differences in flower color.

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