Motivation and Emotion

__________ refers to a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal.

• emotion

• cognition

• motivation

A useful definition of human emotion includes the following components:

• physiological response (e.g. racing heart, sweaty hands).

• behavioral response (e.g. a person begins to shake).

• subjective response (e.g. "I feel afraid").

• all of the above

Goal-directed and innate patterns of behavior that derive from our biological makeup and are not the result of learning or experience are called:

• instincts.

• drives.

• incentives.

Some psychologists believe that behavior is motivated by the body’s attempts to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively. This state of balance is called:

• equilibrium.

• proprioception.

• homeostasis.

The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by the body’s attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst to a state of balance is the __________ theory.

• drive reduction

• optimum arousal

• instinct

The theory of motivation that proposes we are driven to maintain a certain level of emotional, intellectual, or physical excitability is the __________ theory of motivation. 

• drive reduction

• instinct

• optimum arousal

The idea that the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated without interfering with performance is called __________.

• Weber’s Law

• Yerkes-Dodson Law

A person who climbs a mountain because the action itself is satisfying and rewarding is responding to __________ motivation.

• intrinsic

• extrinsic

The student who completes a project in school hoping to get first prize in a competition is responding to __________ motivation.

• intrinsic

• extrinsic

The psychologist whose theory of motivation is often depicted as hierarchical levels of human needs within a pyramid is:

• Harry Harlow.

• Abraham Maslow.

• Clark Hull.