Formal Logic: Introduction -Chapter 3

Formal logic

• Logic which deals with the form of an argument.

• The science of right thinking; the act which enables us to proceed with order, ease, and correctness in the act of reason itself.

• Correspondence of a statement of reality.

• An argument that is both true and valid.

Logic

• An argument is logical.

• The act by which the mind grasps the concept or general meaning of an object without affirming or denying anything about it.

• The completely articulate sum of the intelligible aspects or elements (or notes) represented by a concept.

• The science of right thinking; the act which enables us to proceed with order, ease, and correctness in the act of reason itself.

Illogical

• Contrary to fact or truth.

• Lacking orderly continuity.

• Any time we think that something is something else or not something else.- to affirm or deny.

• When words are spelled and pronounced alike but have entirely different and unrelated meanings.

True

• The act of making logical connections between the terms in the argument in a way that shows us that the conclusion either does or does not follow from the premise.

• A statement you make to express your judgment.

• Logic which deals with the form of an argument.

• Correspondence of a statement of reality.

False

• Any time we think that something is something else or not something else.- to affirm or deny.

• An argument is illogical.

• Contrary to fact or truth.

• Lacking orderly continuity.

Valid

• The completely articulate sum of the intelligible aspects or elements (or notes) represented by a concept.

• An argument is logical.

• Correspondence of a statement of reality.

• The act of making logical connections between the terms in the argument in a way that shows us that the conclusion either does or does not follow from the premise.

Invalid

• An argument is illogical.

• Different things that have related meanings.

• Contrary to fact or truth.

• Any time we think that something is something else or not something else.- to affirm or deny.

Soundness

• Something as it exists logically...man has 5 notes- mental idea/concept of man.

• When a word has exactly the same meaning, no matter how it is used.

• A statement you make to express your judgment.

• An argument that is both true and valid.

What are the components of an argument?

• Premises and conclusion.

• The verbal expression of deductive inference.

• The process by which a simple apprehension is derived from a sense perception and a mental image.

• Comprehension and extension.

Simple Apprehension

• Correspondence of a statement of reality.

• The act of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting or touching.

• The act by which the mind grasps the concept or general meaning of an object without affirming or denying anything about it.

• The completely articulate sum of the intelligible aspects or elements (or notes) represented by a concept.