Intro to Communication Disorders Chapters 1-2

Impairment

• should be used to refer to any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomic structure or function.

• sometimes used as a synonym for impairment and other times as a synonym for disability.

• refers to a reduced competence in meeting daily living needs.

• meaning is exchanged via a code.

Communication

• involves an exchange of meaning between a sender and a receiver.

• includes the words, sentences, and texts that are used to convey ideas and feelings.

• should be used to refer to any loss of abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomic structure or function.

• refers to a reduced competence in meeting daily living needs.

Disability

• sometimes used as a synonym for impairment and other times as a synonym for disability.

• refers to a reduced competence in meeting daily living needs.

• to mean communication abilities that differ from those usually encountered in the mainstream culture, even though there is no evidence for impairment.

• have a physical cause

Person-first language

• Have a physical cause

• Used by most researchers and clinicians to refer to individuals with communication disorders.

• Occur early in the maturation of the individual but may continue into adulthood.

• Speech and language disorders resulting from brain trauma following an accident or stroke.

Communication Disorder

• A physical cause that cannot be identified.

• refers to a reduced competence in meeting daily living needs.

• should be used to refer to any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomic structure or function.

• Sometimes used as a synonym for impairment and other times as a synonym for disability.

Language

• involves an exchange of meaning between a sender and a receiver.

• should be used to refer to any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomic structure or function

• includes the words, sentences, and texts that are used to convey ideas and feelings.

• refers to a reduced competence in meeting daily living needs.

Functional

• Problems closing the opening between the nose and the mouth during production of speech sounds.

• Result from abnormalities in vocal fold vibration that yield changes in loudness, pitch, or quality.

• A physical cause can be identified.

• A physical cause cannot be identified.

Organic disorders

• Have a physical cause

• Speech and language disorders resulting from brain trauma following an accident or stroke.

• Result from an interruption in the process of speech producing.

• Delays in speech and language development, occur early in the maturation of the individual but may continue into adulthood.

Developmental Disorders

• refers to people with communication disorders.

• physical cause cannot be identified.

• delays in speech and language development, occur early in the maturation of the individual but may continue into adulthood.

• have a physical cause

Speech sound disorders

• may have difficulty with perception, motor production, and/or the phonological representation of speech sounds and segments that impact their ability to be understood by others.

• refers to the words and sentences that are used to represent objects, thoughts, and feelings.

• are caused by brain lesions, which are specific areas of damage to the brain.

• some children present delayed language development.