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Which of the following is NOT China's invention?

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Answer explanation

The modern pencil was invented in 1795 by Nicholas-Jacques Conte, a scientist serving in the army of Napoleon Bonaparte.

He is the "Great Sage" of China.

• Lao Tzu

• Mencius

• Confucius

• SunTzu

Answer explanation

Confucius was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and teacher whose message of knowledge, benevolence, loyalty, and virtue were the main guiding philosophy of China for thousands of years.

What did Confucius believe about human character?

• It is formed by hard work.

• It is based entirely in genetics.

• It is formed in the family and through education.

• It is fixed and not able to be changed.

Answer explanation

Confucius believed in the importance of education in order to create this virtuous character.

Family was the foundation of moral society in Confucianism. Every member of a family had a proper relationship with the others, defined by age, sex and birth order.

Confucius persuaded rulers to rely on harsh punishments.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Confucius taught that rulers had a sacred responsibility to rule virtuously. This meant ruling with self-discipline, attention to the ancient rituals, and putting the welfare and happiness of his subjects first.

sage: master; disciple: ______

• follower

• opponent

• slave

• leader

The ______ (Lunyu) is a compilation of brief sayings that are attributed to Confucius himself and to his disciples.

• Psalm

• Proverb

• Analects

• Vedas

Answer explanation

The Analects, a collection of Confucius's conversations and teachings, strongly emphasizes the importance of morality for the betterment of oneself and society in general. The book lays out several teachings for both commoners and rulers to follow in the pursuit of morality.

These are the fundamental virtues of Confucius.

• benevolence, filial piety, sincerity, propriety

• benevolence, filial piety, sincerity, humility

• generosity, filial piety, sincerity, propriety

• empathy, filial piety, sincerity, propriety