Unit 1 Topic 1 Review - MC Questions Only

Prokaryotic organisms have the following characteristics:

• cell cytoplasm, nucleus and are unicellular

• cell wall, organelles and are multicellular

• cell wall, unicellular and have a nucleoid region

• nucleus, ribosomes and are unicellular

Answer explanation

Prokaryotes have a cell wall, are unicellular and have a nucleoid region (they do not have a nucleus or organelles rendering all other answers incorrect).  

Ribosomes produce proteins form monomers called

• amino acids

• lipids

• phosphates

• sugars

Answer explanation

Amino acids are the monomers for proteins.

The cell membrane is

• hydrophobic

• impermeable to water

• present in animal cells but not in plant cells

• semi-permeable

Answer explanation

The cell-membrane is semi-permeable.

Molecules that make up the cell membrane are called

• fatty acid tails

• fluid mosaic membranes

• hydrophilic phosphate heads

• phospholipids

Answer explanation

Phospholipids are the main structural unit that comprise the cell membrane.

The purpose of extracellular fluid is to

• allow transport of materials between cells

• secrete enzymes to aid digestion

• suspend organelles within the cell membrane

• transport hormones

Answer explanation

Extracellular fluid allows for the transport of materials between cells.

Which of the following statements about organelles is correct?

• Amino acids are produced by ribosomes

• Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the nucleus

• Ribosomes are found only on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus are both made of cisternae

Answer explanation

Both the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are made from cisternae.

Glycoproteins are best described as

• integral or peripheral proteins

• monomers

• nutrients

• organelles

Answer explanation

Glycoproteins can be either integral or peripheral proteins depending on how they attach to or sit within the cell membrane.

The body system responsible for breaking complex molecules into monomers to allow nutrients to be absorbed is called the

• circulatory system

• digestive system

• endocrine system

• excretory system

Answer explanation

The digestive system breaks down complex molecules into monomers, allowing nutrients to be absorbed into the body

Simple diffusion

• occurs across the cell membrane only

• allows molecules to be moved against a concentration gradient

• is a form of passive transport

• requires energy in the form of ATP

Answer explanation

Simple diffusion is a form of passive transport. It does not require energy, does not move molecules against a concentration gradient and occurs in many places outside of the cell membrane.

The component of the cell membrane that prevents it being too rigid or too fluid is called

• a glycoprotein

• cholesterol

• dynamic equilibrium

• integral proteins

Answer explanation

Cholesterol regulates the fluidity of the cell membrane.