Parenting Ch 1 Test

Why is observing children beneficial for students?

• To see how children progress from one stage to the next.

• To learn more about working with children.

• To learn what behaviors are beneficial in a certain age group.

• All of the above are correct.

• Only B and C are correct.

Why is observing young children beneficial for professionals (teachers and child care workers)?

• To identify each child's strengths and weaknesses.

• To customize/personalize activities.

• To judge how effective their own efforts have been.

• All of the above are correct.

• Only A and C are correct.

Which of the following BEST explains the difference between objective and subjective observations?

• Objective observations are a recording of facts without expressing opinion and subjective observations make judgement or show the observers opinion.

• Objective observations are done with a specific goal in mind and subjective observations have no specific goal in mind.

• There is no significant difference between objective and subjective observations.

• Objectives observations express opinions about the situation and subjective observations do not express opinions.

Which of the following theorists believed that development takes place in distinct stages of cognitive (thinking) development?

• Erik Erikson

• Jean Piaget

• Maria Montessori

• B.F. Skinner

Which theorist believed that learning could be broken down into smaller tasks, and that offereing immediate rewards for accomplishments stimulated future learning?

• Maria Montessori

• B.F. Skinner

• Jean Piaget

• Arnold Gesell

Jean Piaget focused on __________________ development to explain how people think.

• Cognitive

• Physical

• Social

Lev Vygotsky believed that social contact was  __________________ to a child's development. 

• Unusual

• essential

• bothersome

Sigmund Freud believed that personality developed through a series of 

• Crisis

• Stages

This person discovered positive and negative reinforcement.  

• Albert Bandura

• B.F. Skinner

• Jean Piaget

• Sigmund Freud

Development is relatively orderly. 

• False

• True