Earth Science Review

What change on the surface of the Earth is a result of tectonic plates shifting?

• ice breaks rocks apart

• earthquakes shake the ground

• glaciers are pulled down mountains by gravity

• hurricanes cause heavy rainfall

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which of the following best describes erosion?

• a process that breaks down rock and other material into sediment

• a process that allows magma to leave the mantle

• a process that occurs at plate boundaries and creates new crust

• a process that carries away broken down rock to a new location

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

What is one way volcanoes are a constructive force?

• Flowing lava melts everything in its path.

• Volcanoes produce a cloud of gas, ash, and rock.

• Lava cools and hardens and forms new rock.

• Volcanoes bring heat to an area which attracts animals.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

What causes earthquakes?

• Strong ocean waves crash against continents, shaking the coastline.

• Natural disasters like hurricanes cause strong winds to blow. These winds flow towards the ground and shake the Earth's surface.

• Tectonic plates race quickly towards each other. When they finally meet, they crash together, causing the ground to shake.

• Tectonic plates move slowly past each other and sometimes get stuck. When they finally release and move again, the ground shakes.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which is NOT a cause of weathering?

• sand blown by the wind onto rocks

• the weight of a glacier as it moves across the side of a mountain

• acid rain having a chemical reaction with certain types of rock

• lava cooling and forming new layers of rock

Look at the image of part of a coastline. Which statement best predicts how this coastline could be different in 1,000 years?

• The sea cave will be smaller.

• The headland will be thicker.

• The sea arch will become a sea cave.

• The sea stack will become shorter and thinner.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

What is weathering?

• the transfer of electricity from one item to another

• the breaking down of rock into sediment

• when a force like water moves sediment

• when sediment stops moving, resting in a new location

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

What is erosion?

• the transfer of electricity from one item to another

• the breaking down of rock into sediment

• when a force like water or gravity moves sediment

• when sediment stops moving, resting in a new location

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What is one way a volcano can form?

• Heavy rainfall washes away the crust, exposing the magma beneath.

• Lightning strikes a mountain, which opens the crust, allowing magma to escape.

• One tectonic plate pushes under another one and melts, forming new, hot magma that can push to the surface.

• Tree roots move deep within the crust, breaking it apart and allowing magma to flow out of cracks.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which of the following is the best definition for 'deposition'?

• A. Erosion is movement of crustal plates beneath the surface.

• Erosion is the wearing away of sediment.

• Erosion is the dropping of sediment into a new location.

• Erosion is the carrying away of sediment.