Energy Transformations

A skier increases speed while skiing down a hill during a race. Which statements accurately describe the potential and kinetic energy of the skier?

• Kinetic energy increases. Potential energy decreases.

• Kinetic energy increases. Potential energy stays the same.

• Kinetic energy stays the same. Potential energy decreases.

• Kinetic energy stays the same. Potential energy increases.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

The picture shows a boat that is powered by a rubber band. Which energy transformation occurs in this boat when it sails?

• Thermal energy stored in the rubber band is transformed into chemical energy used by the paddles.

• Kinetic energy stored in the rubber band is transformed into thermal energy used by the paddles.

• Chemical energy stored in the rubber band is transformed into potential energy used by the paddles.

• Potential energy stored in the rubber band is transformed into kinetic energy used by the paddles.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A lamp is plugged into a wall outlet. Which sentence explains what happens to the electric energy as the light shines?

• The electric energy gets used up.

• The electric energy changes into light and heat energy and is destroyed.

• The electric energy is created again after it produces light and heat energy.

• The electric energy changes into light and heat energy and is not destroyed.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A rock falls off a cliff that is 100m above the ocean. If no air resistance is present, during the fall there will be a decrease in the rock's -

• gravitational potential energy

• total mechanical energy

• kinetic energy

• momentum

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which answer choice correctly describes the roller coaster's kinetic and potential energy?

• The coaster has more potential energy at point 3 than at point 4.

• The coaster has more kinetic energy at point 3 than point 2.

• The potential and kinetic energy of the coaster are equal at point 4.

• The potential and kinetic energy of the coaster are the greatest at point 1.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A pendulum is given potential energy by being pulled up to location W. At which location does the pendulum have maximum kinetic energy?

• Location W

• Location X

• Location Y

• Location Z

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

The diagram shows how a steam engine in a train works. Which description of the energy conversions in the process is correct?

• The chemical energy in the coal is converted to thermal energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

• The mechanical energy in the coal is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

• The electrical energy in the coal is converted to mechanical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

• The thermal energy in the coal is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Students built a simple circuit connecting a battery to a light bulb. Which energy transformations happen when the students close the circuit and the bulb lights up?

• Chemical to radiant to electrical

• Electrical to chemical to radiant

• Chemical to electrical to radiant

• Radiant to electrical to chemical

A teacher heats up their lunch in the microwave. What energy transformations occur between the microwave and the food?

• Electrical to light to chemical

• Chemical to thermal to light

• Electrical to electromagnetic to thermal

• Electrical to electromagnetic to chemical

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which statement best describes the energy of a roller coaster as it slows down while traveling to the top of the coaster?

• The coaster cart gains both kinetic and potential energy.

• The coaster cart gains kinetic energy and loses potential energy.

• The coaster cart loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy.

• The coaster cart loses both kinetic and potential energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5