The criminal justice system is frequently described as acting much like a funnel. Just as the funnel is wide at the top and narrows at the bottom, so too is the criminal justice system.

2 That is to say, as we move forward in the criminal justice process, we find fewer and fewer cases. At every step along the way, people drop out of the system. Of all the crimes known to police, very few result in convictions and prison sentences.

• True

• False

Herbert Packer (1964) outlined two competing models of the value systems operating within criminal justice today: The 

a) crime control model and

b) the due process model.

• crime control model and

  the due process model.

• crime control model and

  the conflict model.

• consensus model and

  due process model.

• concensus model

  and

  conflict model

According to Packer, “The value system that underlies the Crime Control Model is based on the proposition that the repression of criminal conduct is by far:

• most important function to be performed by the criminal process

• the lest serious function performed by the criminal justice process

• the easiest function performed by the criminal justice process

• the quickest function performed by the criminal justice process

Therefore, adherents of the Crime Control Model advocate

• enhancing the powers of the police to investigate and prosecute criminals.

• limiting the powers of the police to investigate and prosecute criminals.

• demonstrating the powers of the police to investigate and prosecute criminals.

• deriding the powers of the police to investigate and prosecute criminals.

The Due Process Model takes a rather opposite view of how the system should operate. The key to understanding this position is that it hinges on protecting the civil rights of every citizen.

• True

• False

A major policy implication if this view is to limit police powers in order to prevent the oppression of the individual citizen.

Adherents of this position hold that merely establishing guilt is not adequate; the government must show guilt in a fair and legal way that respects the rights of the police

• Due Process Model

• Crime ControlModel

• Funnel Cake Model

The Civil Rights revolution started in what year?

• 1962

• 1965

• 1968

• 1975

The Burger Court (1969 – 1986) was far more conservative than the Warren Court, but there was no conservative majority. The Rehnquist Court (1986 – 2005) was far more conservative than the Burger Court. These conservative courts, perhaps out of concern for the time-honored tradition of cohesion and unity of the Supreme Court, did not overrule many of the liberal decisions of the Warren Court. Rather, they “chipped away” at them by creating scores of exclusions.

• creating scores of exclusions.

• creating scores of new rulings

• creating scores of new laws

• creating scores of exceptions

The United States Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and

• eight associate justices.

• seven associate justices.

• five associate justices.

• nine associate justices.

At its discretion, and within certain guidelines established by Congress, the Supreme Court each year hears a limited number of the cases it is asked to decide.

Those cases may begin in the federal or state courts, and they usually involve important questions about the Constitution or federal law. This standard is often referred to as a substantial federal question.

• substantial federal question

• substantive federal question

• procedural federal question

• legal federal question