Energy Review

Which statement best explains what makes his pinwheel spin?

• Energy from the wind pushes on the wheel and makes the pinwheel move.

• Energy from the ground shakes the wheel and makes the pinwheel move.

• The colors on the wheel repel one another, causing it to turn.

• The Sun heats up the pinwheel, causing it to turn.

Bridges is using her oven to bake cookies for his family. What energy transformations occur that enable her to bake cookies if she has solar panels on the top of her house?

• light energy → electrical energy → chemical energy

• heat energy → chemical energy → light energy

• light energy → electrical energy → heat energy

• heat energy → light energy → heat energy

McManus drops the same 10-kg ball from heights of 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m. Which graph correctly shows the kinetic energy of the ball that Jayla dropped from each height?

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A student is investigating energy transfer from potential to kinetic energy using a toy car on a ramp. The student place the toy car at the top of the ramp, releases it, and records how far the car travels. The student's setup is shown. Which statement best describes what would happen if the student increased the angle of the ramp?

• The toy car would travel farther because more kinetic energy would be transferred into potential energy.

• The toy car would travel farther because more potential energy would be transferred into kinetic energy.

• The toy car would not travel as far because more potential energy would be transferred into kinetic energy.

• The toy car would not travel as far because more kinetic energy would be transferred into potential energy.

When natural gas is used to heat water

• electromagnetic energy is converted into chemical energy.

• mechanical energy is converted into electromagnetic energy.

• electromagnetic energy is converted into mechanical energy.

• chemical energy is converted into thermal energy.

Dillon depends on his electric alarm clock every morning to get up in time for school. What energy transformation happens in Dillon's alarm clock to wake her up in the morning?

• chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy

• sound energy is converted to electrical energy

• electrical energy is converted to sound

• electrical energy is converted to thermal energy

Christopher and his mother went on a camping trip. His mother struck a match to light a lantern. Which forms of energy did the burning match give off?

• nuclear and solar

• nuclear and light

• solar and thermal

• thermal and light

A student is investigating the transfer of energy between potential and kinetic. The student observes a roller coaster at four locations on the track and creates a graph based on her observations. What conclusion can be made based on the graph?

• Kinetic energy is created during a roller coaster ride.

• Potential energy is destroyed during a roller coaster ride.

• Potential energy is increased, but kinetic energy stays the same.

• Kinetic and potential energy change, but total energy stays the same.

The diagram shows a simple pendulum. Neglecting friction, what happens to the total mechanical energy as the pendulum swings from position A to position B?

• It decreases.

• It increases.

• It remains the same.

• It is not conserved.

When coal is burned to produce electrical energy, the energy produced is less than the potential energy of the coal. Which statement best explains this observation?

• As the coal is heated, the molecules move too fast and are destroyed.

• Some of the potential energy of the coal is converted back into coal molecules to be reused.

• Some of the potential energy of the coal is converted into forms of energy other than electrical energy.

• Some energy in the coal is destroyed by the intense heat needed to burn the coal and release the potential energy.