Protestant Reformation

Erasmus believed that....

• The Catholic Church was irredeemable and should be replaced

• Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis

• Pilgrimages, fasts, and relics were important for salvation

• Martin Luther should replace the pope as head of the Catholic Church

Answer explanation

Erasmus emphasized that Christianity should guide individuals in living virtuous lives daily, focusing on moral conduct rather than rituals or institutional authority, making the correct choice about daily good living.

Erasmus criticized monks because...

• they focused on being precise with inconsequential things

• they refused to hold mass in Latin

• they were early supporters of Martin Luther

• they refused to participate in many Catholic rites

Answer explanation

Erasmus criticized monks for their excessive focus on trivial details, which he believed distracted from the true essence of faith and spirituality. This aligns with the correct choice about their precision with inconsequential things.

People criticized the Catholic Church for all the following EXCEPT

• the leaders were more concerned with worldly interests

• some popes led armies against their enemies

• they sold relics to absolve people of their sins to make money

• they refused to baptize people any longer

Answer explanation

The Catholic Church faced criticism for various actions, but they did not refuse to baptize people. In fact, baptism remained a fundamental sacrament, unlike the other criticisms which reflect actual historical controversies.

A near death experience as the result of ________________ led Martin Luther to dedicate his life to religion.

• a flood

• a bolt of lightening

• an earthquake

• a volcanic eruption

Answer explanation

A near death experience from a bolt of lightning struck Martin Luther, prompting him to dedicate his life to religion. This pivotal moment was crucial in his spiritual transformation.

Martin Luther believed that ____________ and not good works were required for salvation

• family name

• hard work

• money

• faith

Answer explanation

Martin Luther emphasized that faith, rather than good works, is essential for salvation. This belief was a cornerstone of the Protestant Reformation, highlighting the importance of personal faith in God.

Luther's main problem with the Catholic Church was...

• the creation of armies by the pope

• the selling of indulgences

• the lack of focus on doing good deeds

• the failure to practice all of the sacraments

Answer explanation

Luther's main issue with the Catholic Church was the selling of indulgences, which he believed corrupted the true purpose of repentance and salvation, leading to his call for reform.

After the Edict of Worms, Luther was saved by...

• Frederick

• Albert

• Erasmus

• John Calvin

Answer explanation

After the Edict of Worms, Martin Luther was protected by Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony. Frederick provided him refuge, ensuring his safety from the consequences of the Edict, which declared Luther an outlaw.

How did Luther respond to the German peasant revolts?

• He provided them with money

• He led them against the Catholic Church

• He sided with the lords

• He provided them with weapons and food

Answer explanation

Luther sided with the lords during the German peasant revolts, believing that the social order should be maintained. He condemned the revolts, viewing them as a threat to the stability he sought to achieve through his reforms.

Rather than dealing with the Protestant Reformers, Charles V was distracted by his rivalry with the King of...

• Spain

• Italy

• England

• France

Answer explanation

Charles V's primary concern was his rivalry with France, particularly with King Francis I, which diverted his attention from the Protestant Reformers. This conflict was significant in shaping European politics during his reign.

This led to the acceptance of a division in Christianity in Germany.

• The Edict of Worms

• The Council of Trent

• The 95 Theses

• The Peace of Augsburg

Answer explanation

The Peace of Augsburg, established in 1555, allowed for the coexistence of Catholicism and Lutheranism in Germany, leading to a formal division in Christianity. This was a direct response to the religious conflicts of the Reformation.