3. Vaccinations

What does a vaccine contain?

• Antigens from the disease-causing pathogen

• Antibodies from the disease- causing pathogen

• Lymphocytes producing antibodies against the pathogen

• White blood cells to inactivate the disease-causing pathogen

Select all of the statements which describe what a vaccine may contain

• Antigens from the pathogen

• Inactivated pathogens

• Parts of the antigens from a pathogen

• Live pathogens

What is the purpose of a vaccine?

• To stimulate antibodies to produce specific antigens

• To stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies against specific antigens

• To stimulate antigens to produce antibodies against particular pathogens

• To stimulate the production of antigens specific to particular antibodies

What cells are produced by lymphocytes in response to a vaccination?

(More than 1 correct response)

• Antibodies

• Memory cells

• Clones of the lymphocyte which produces the matching antibodies

• Antigens

The discredited MMR study by Andrew Wakefield contained data from 12 patients. No other studies were able to replicate its results. Which aspects of the study were flawed?

(More than 1 correct answer)

• Reproducibility

• Small sample size

• Repeatability

• Accuracy

How do memory cells provide immunity following a vaccine?

• They produce antigens very quickly if the pathogen enters the body

• The produce large numbers of the specific antibody very quickly if the pathogen enters the body

• They produce some specific antibodies very quickly if the pathogen enters the body

• They produce large numbers of the specific antigen if the pathogen enters the body

Why is the immune response slow when the body encounters a pathogen for the first time?

• The memory cells take time to produce enough antibodies

• The lymphocyte which has the matching antibody takes time to produce enough clones

• The lymphocyte which has the matching antigen takes time to produce enough clones

• The memory cells take time to produce enough antigens

How is immunity achieved?

• Vaccination and prior infection

• Vaccination only

• Prior infection only

• Vaccination and contact with an infected person

In which response are antibodies produced faster?

• Primary immune response

• Secondary immune response

Which cells are not involved in antibody production during the primary immune response?

• Lymphocytes

• Memory cells

• Plasma cells

• White blood cells