AP: Module 9: Urinary System

Blood carrying dissolved cellular wastes enters each kidney to be filtered through the (a)  

Jadyn, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at 45, has struggled with self-care. At 66, her doctor informed her that her kidneys are losing the ability to filter waste due to progressive neuron loss. Jadyn is likely diagnosed with...

• acute renal failure

• glomerulonephritis

• chronic renal failure

• cystinosis

During which process is water returned to blood vessels?

• reabsorption

• secretion

• filtration

• conservation

Functions of the Urinary System:

• Excrete Wastes

• Regulate BP

• Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

• Storage of Fat

• Filters Blood

Answer explanation

Healthy kidneys respond to the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands to help regulate blood pressure. They also filter out toxic waste while returning important substances like vitamins, amino acids, glucose, and hormones to the bloodstream. This filtering is done by specialized blood vessels with a high blood flow.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Skyler is studying anatomy. Which correctly describes the location of kidneys in the body?

• retroperitoneal

• suprapulmonary

• retropectoral

• mediospinal

Answer explanation

Kidneys are considered “retroperitoneal” organs, which means they sit behind a lining in the abdominal cavity, unlike all other abdominal organs.

After blood is filtered it exits through the renal veins to transport blood...

• from heart to kidneys

• kidney to aorta

• from kidneys to body (IVC)

• to kidneys from body

During class, Ashley asked, 'What protects our kidneys?'

• rib cage & adipose tissue

• pelvic bone & epithelial tissue

• sternum

• kidney stones

During class, Kassidy asked, "What gives urine its yellow coloring?"

• urea

• urosmart

• urochrome

• urocytes

Answer explanation

Normal urine color varies from pale yellow to deep amber, caused by the pigment urochrome from hemoglobin breakdown. Foods like beets and berries, along with medications, can alter urine color.

Mindi wonders what one of the major functions of the urinary system is.

• regulate the volume of blood

• eliminate solid waste

• maintain body temperature of 98.6

• attack bacteria that enter the body

As Sheena watched the kidneys filter blood, she saw that most of the water, minerals, and nutrients are reabsorbed back into the blood. The tubule also removes excess acid, and what’s left becomes urine.

What % of the filtrate is reabsorbed from the glomerulus back into the bloodstream?

(a)  

Answer explanation

Answer = 99%,

Kidneys regulate fluid and electrolyte balance by continually filtering the blood. This is vital in maintaining a constant extracellular fluid volume and composition.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3