EOC Practice: DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis

Which statement best describes the relationship that exists among gproteins, DNA, and cells?

• Proteins combine to produce cells, which produce DNA.

• Proteins are made up of DNA, which determines the cells that are produced.

• DNA is made up of proteins, which tell a cell how to function.

• Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins.

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What would happen to an organism if DNA did not replicate itself?

• The organism’s cells would rapidly multiply.

• The organism’s DNA would go through a mutation.

• The organism would have half the DNA of its parents.

• The organism would not be able to grow or reproduce.

What produces the physical characteristics of a living organism?

• the way the DNA code is altered by the ribosome

• the structure of the proteins its cells produce

• its environment and behavior

• the number of genes it has

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Which is made during transcription?

• DNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

How many basic units of information in a DNA molecule are required to encode a single amino acid?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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Cells from four organisms were exposed to different environmental conditions as shown in the table. Genetic damage will MOST likely be inherited by the offspring of which organism?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which BEST describes this type of mutation?

• beneficial

• asexual

• harmful

• unicellular

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What is the most likely outcome from DNA mutation of an organism?

• daughter cells created

• different proteins assembled

• fewer daughter cells created

• cell becomes exposed to radiation

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Which type of mutation would have the most long-term effect on a family, a mutation in a gamete or a mutation in a body cell?

• A mutation in a gamete, because it would affect the genotype of future family members.

• A mutation in a body cell, because it would affect the genotype of future family members.

• A mutation in a gamete, because it would affect the genotype of a member of the family for life.

• A mutation in a body cell, because it would affect the genotype of a member of the family for life.

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What type of mutation results when an extra nucleotide is added into a DNA strand?

• deletion

• insertion

• substitution

• translocation

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