UTS - LESSON 2 (PART 2)

This Greek philosopher asserted that the man is composed of both body and soul, and that the self is DICHOTOMOUS- composing both physical and ideal realms.

(man = body + soul)

• Socrates

• Plato

• Rene Descartes

• Aristotle

He ratified that ratified that our true self is our soul, and that knowing

or understanding oneself should be more than the physical self, or the body.

(self = soul)

• Socrates

• Plato

• Rene Descartes

• St. Augustine

He famously illustrated his view of the soul/self in “Phaedrus” in his metaphor, where he introduced the tripartite philosophical perspective on the self - reason, appetite, and spirit / passion or the three elements of the self that work in every individual inconsistently.

(self = reason + appetite + spirit/passion)

• Socrates

• Plato

• Rene Descartes

• St. Augustine

He combined philosophy with Christianity and ratified that the body is united to soul and that soul is what makes us humans, and asserted that human nature is composed of two realms, with God as the source of all reality and truth and

the sinfulness of man.

(Body is united with the soul - 2 realms of human nature - God and man)

• Socrates

• Immanuel Kant

• Plato

• St. Augustine

• Gilbert Ryle

He justified that real happiness can only be found in God..

(Body is united with the soul - 2 realms of human nature - God and man)

• Socrates

• Immanuel Kant

• Plato

• St. Augustine

• Gilbert Ryle

This French philosopher and mathematician explained that the essence of self is being a thinking being who is able to do the thinking, reasoning, and perceiving processes.

(self = mind / soul)

• Rene Descartes

• John Locke

• St. Augustine

• Paul Churchland

This philosopher is known for the famous principle of “cogito, ergo sum—“I think, therefore I exist,” where he insisted that the soul and the body are independent of one another.

(man = body & mind)

• Rene Descartes

• John Locke

• Patricia Churchland

• Gilbert Ryle

This English philosopher is known for Tabula Rasa, or Blank Slate, who asserted that our self is our consciousness and a person is someone who considers themselves to be the same thing in different times and different places through consciousness.

(self = consciousness)

• Sigmund Freud

• John Locke

• Maurice Merleau - Ponty

• Gilbert Ryle

This philosopher argued on Plato, Descartes and St. Augustine, where he justified that self is not tied to any particular body or substance. It only exists in other times and places because of the memory of those experiences.

(soul = memories / mind)

(self ≠ soul)

• John Locke

• Gilbert Ryle

• Sigmund Freud

• Maurice Merleau - Ponty

This Scottish empiricist argued that there is NO self and self is non-existent, as the self that is being experienced by an individual is nothing but a kind of fictional self.

(self = 0)

• John Locke

• David Hume

• Sigmund Freud

• Immanuel Kant