1 - Criminal - Heaven Study

Heaven's hypothesis included

• peer reported delinquency

• police reported delinquency

• teacher reported delinquency

• self reported delinquency

What type of study did Heaven use?

• Cross-Sectional

• Longitudinal

• Field Study

• Lateral

Answer explanation

A longitudinal study is a type of correlational research study that involves looking at variables over an extended period of time. This research can take place over a period of weeks, months, or even years

What was the independent variable in the study?

• Change in school attended

• Peer influences

• Time

• Gender

Answer explanation

The same children were studied two years apart

Low self-esteem is part of

• psychotism

• neuroticism

• extraversion

• introversion

How many participants were in the study?

• 282

• 302

• 352

• 212

Which religious school did all the participants attend?

• Jewish

• Non-religious

• Catholic

• Muslim

What age were the participants at time 1?

• 10-12

• 15-17

• 13-15

• 10-11

Which of these were materials in Heaven's study?

(Tick all that apply)

• Interview for self-reported delinquency

• Questionaire for self-reported delinqiency

• Ten item questionaire to measure self-esteem

• Eysenck personality questionnaire

What is INTERNAL VALIDITY

• the effects observed in a study are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not some other factor

• the extent to which the results of a study can be generalised

• how well you translated the theory into an actual measure

• a measure of how test performance predicts behaviours in real-world settings

Answer explanation

in other words..... internal validity means the study hasn't been messed up with extraneous variables.

How many participants dropped out by Time 2?

• 20%

• 50%

• 80%

• 0%