Structure and Functions of Living Organisms

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell?

• It will be unable to carry out respiration

• It will lose water through osmosis

• It will break down the ribosomes in the cell

• It will be unable to photosynthesize.

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Which structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal?

• Nucleus

• Centrosome

• Golgi body

• Chloroplast

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How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar?

• Both contain a nucleus

• Both contain ribosomes

• Both contain membrane-bound organelles

• Both contain cell walls

What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg?

• differentiation

• natural selection

• selective breeding

• genetic engineering

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Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

• A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells

• Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells

• muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells

• muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart.

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How does DNA code for proteins in a cell?

• by creating a new double helix structure.

• by using a phosphate and sugar molecules

• by adding more hydrogen bonds to its structure

• by arranging certain nitrogen bases of the cell in a particular order.

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During strenuous exercise, body temperature increases. The body responds to the increase in temperature by sweating, which helps to reduce the body temperature. Which is demonstrated in this situation?

• excretion

• metabolism

• homeostasis

• synthesis

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A freshwater plant is placed in a container of saltwater. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant?

• They will swell because water will move into them

• they will swell because salt will move into them

• they will shrink because water will move out of them

• they will shrink because salt will move out of them

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Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing?

• the cytoplasm seperates

• the DNA replicates

• the sister chromatids seperate

• the homologous chromosomes cross over.

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During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division?

• cytokinesis

• anaphase

• prophase

• interphase